286 • PLEISTOCENE OF INDIANA AND MICHIGAN. 



BERVILLE MORAINE. 



Another slender water-laid moraine, called the Berville, has not been certainly identified with 

 any of the moraines farther north. It is best developed between Belle River and a point in 

 sec. 7, Richmond Township, Macomb County. It is of about the same strength and character 

 as the Goodland moraine, rising 10 to 25 feet above the adjacent lands, and like it is surmounted 

 by bars of Lake Maumee. Its course beyond sec. 7, Richmond Township, is not clear, but, as 

 the ice front generally fitted itself to topography and as moraines in a country as smooth as this 

 tend to be nearly parallel, it is thought that it turns south or perhaps a little west of south. A 

 mile and a half southeast of Armada a very bowldery tract below the level of the "Whittlesey 

 beach lies in the line of the moraine if the latter turns southward, but neither this nor anything 

 else in that direction was certainly identified with it. 



Northwestward from the hamlet of Belle River the Berville moraine is continued up to 

 the great transverse stony ridge which runs southwest through Mussey Township, and it prob- 

 ably includes some knolls that stand a mile farther west. Its identity farther north was not 

 made out. Its relation to the Goodland and Imlay moraines suggests that it may belong to 

 the Otisville moraine, which runs southeast from Clifford. 



MOUNT CLEMENS MORAINE. 



A faint water-laid moraine, the Mount Clemens, has been identified as far north as north- 

 western St. Clair County. It runs southeast through sees. 14, 13, and 24, Mussey Township, and 

 19, 30, 31, and 32, Emmett Township, and thence directly southeast to a point about 2 miles 

 north of Memphis. In sees. 15 and 16, Riley Township, a transverse kame or short esker marks 

 the place of this ridge, which is there very faint but which appears to turn south past 

 Memphis and becomes quite prominent just west of the Whittlesey beach about halfway be- 

 tween Memphis and Richmond, where it has almost the relief and expression of a land-laid 

 moraine. 



Southwest of Richmond the slope below the Whittlesey beach is rather stony; two or three 

 miles to the southwest low stony knolls begin and a broad ridge runs directly south past New 

 Haven, Chesterfield, and Mount Clemens, and on southwest to the south line of Macomb County 

 north of Detroit. Near the county line it broadens and fades out as a perceptible ridge, but in 

 all probability continues southward into the city of Detroit and merges into the Detroit inter- 

 lobate moraine. 



From a point 3 or 4 miles north of New Haven to a point nearly 10 miles southwest of 

 Mount Clemens the moraine is well developed. It is this ridge which produces the remarkable 

 concentration of the numerous headward branches of Clinton River into one trunk stream at 

 Mount Clemens. There are no other gaps in the moraine where streams could pass through. 

 For a moraine deposited in water nearly 200 feet deep it is remarkably strong and definite in 

 its development. 1 



EMMETT MORAINE. 



The Emmett moraine, so far as yet identified, has its northern end in northwestern St. Clair 

 County, in sec. 12, Mussey Township, and runs southeast, passing a mile west of Emmett. Near 

 Emmett it is fairly strong, but elsewhere it is very weak. It was not definitely recognized 

 farther southeast, but it probably coincides with the Whittlesey beach toward the southeast 

 a mile north of Lamb. Beyond this it is indicated only by an -ill-defined stony belt. It is prob- 

 ably this moraine that gives Belle River its sharp turn just west of Columbus. From Columbus 

 to a point west of Casco it is broken by a gap of about 4 miles, but it is probably continued near 

 New Baltimore by a low ridge of bowldery clay. A mile and a hah west of New Baltimore it 

 ends as though cut away by wave action, rising 30 to 35 feet above the plain. Although it 

 does not appear farther on as a ridge, it probably deflects the lower part of Salt Creek to a little 

 west of south. 



'In a former publication (Bull. Geol. Soc. America, vol. 8, 1897, p. 39) the writer called this same ridge the Detroit moraine. It was not 

 seen until later that the broad ridge which passes through Detroit is interlobate in character and extends directly up the slope to Birmingham. 



