CHAPTER XIII. 

 GLACIAL LAKE MAUMEE. 



By Frank B. Taylor. 



EARLY INVESTIGATIONS. 



Glacial Lake Maumee has been discussed by Mr. Leverett, 1 who described the Fort 

 Wayne outlet and the highest and middle beaches in considerable detail and briefly discussed the 

 deformation of the beaches and the general relations of the lake to the ice sheet. Later 2 he 

 described the shores of the lake in Wayne, Washtenaw, and Lenawee comities. Still later, in 

 preparation for this monograph, Mr. Leverett and the writer made further studies in Lapeer, 

 Macomb, and Oakland counties, especially with regard to the beaches and to the relations of the 

 moraines of that region to the beaches and to the Imlay outlet . (See PI. XIV.) 



Since Mr. Leverett's earlier work was done the greater part of northern Ohio has been sur- 

 veyed and mapped by the United States Geological Survey, making possible more accurate 

 determinations of altitude on all the beaches and furnishing better foundation for studies of 

 their deformation. Discrimination and correlation of the beaches of different parts of the area 

 are also facilitated by these maps. Some helpful results have been obtained by putting the 

 results of earlier work upon the new maps and studying them in the light of the later, more accu- 

 rate altitudes. In this way it has been possible to correct some important errors due to aneroid 

 barometer and to inaccurate railroad levels. 



DISTRIBUTION OF MAUMEE BEACHES. 



The highest and middle beaches of Lake Maumee are fully described by Mr. Leverett, 3 and 

 it is not necessary to add to his general description. There is, however, a stretch in Ohio 

 between Delphos and Findlay in which, since 1907, the writer has made some detailed studies 

 of them with the aid of the topographic maps and has found some unusual features and some 

 interesting data bearing on the attraction of the ice in deforming the surface plane of Lake 

 Maumee. 



The lowest beach of Lake Maumee is briefly mentioned by Mr. Leverett 2 but has not been 

 described elsewhere. No systematic effort has been made to trace this beach except between 

 Tecumseh and Rochester in Michigan, but it has been found at intervals northeastward as far 

 as Romeo in Macomb County and southwestward nearly to the Ohio-Michigan State line. It 

 has also been found at a number of places in Ohio eastward from Delphos and appears to be 

 recognizable at many places by its influence on the contours of the topographic maps. It 

 appears to be particularly well developed from the Defiance moraine eastward into Pennsylvania 

 and was formerly regarded as the middle beach of Lake Maumee, the one above it being regarded 

 as the highest. Now, however, this correlation is thought to be wrong and the two Maumee 

 beaches which extend eastward from the Defiance moraine are regarded as the middle and lowest 

 beaches, and the highest beach is thought to have been either not formed at all in the interval 

 or else to have been overlapped or destroyed by the lake at the time of the middle beach. 



1 Mon. U. S. Geol. Survey, vol. 41, 1902, pp. 710-740. In this passage Mr. Leverett reviews earlier writings relating to this lake, including 

 papers by Bela Hubbard, G. K. Gilbert, J. S. Newberry, C E. Dryer, A. A. Wright, and others, and he notes the fact that the name Lake 

 Maumee was first applied by Dryer in 1888, in his report on the " Geology of Allen County, Ind." 



2 Ann Arbor folio (No. 155), Geol. Atlas U. S., TJ. S. Geol. Survey, 1908, p. 7; revised ed., 1915, p. 7. 



3 Mon. U. S. Geol. Survey, vol. 41, 1902, pp. 714-740. 



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