354 PLEISTOCENE OF INDIANA AND MICHIGAN. 



south and west of Amber to the bluff of Lincoln River near Victory; Goldthwait's levels around 

 Amber make its altitude 673 to 675 feet. The portion between Amber and Victory is character- 

 ized by definite ridges of sand following the border between a sandy plain and a morainic ridge. 

 North of Lincoln River the sandy ridges are more disjointed than between Amber and Victory. 

 The shore apparently follows the inner edge of the moraine northwestward from Lincoln River 

 to Sable River at the head of Hamlin or Sable Lake. It then runs up the south side of Sable 

 River to the edge of Freesoil Township, a short distance west of the village of Freesoil, where it 

 passes to the north side of the river and leads northwestward along the northern edge of a swampy 

 plain. North of this swampy plain lies a pitted gravel plain formed apparently as an outwash 

 from the moraine to the north. Between sec. 10, Grant Township, and the shore of Lake 

 Michigan a sandy tract, which has been modified more or less by wind action, but which may 

 have been covered by Lake Chicago, lies immediately south of the moraine which comes out to 

 the shore of Lake Michigan just south of the line of Manistee and Mason counties. As already 

 indicated, the Glenwood beach has not been found north of this moraine. (See p. 309.) 



WEST SIDE OF BASIN. 



Investigations on the western shore of Lake Michigan have brought to light no evidence 

 that the Glenwood beach there has suffered any uplift. On the eastern shore, as already noted, 

 the beach apparently stands a few feet higher in the portion north of the latitude of Muskegon 

 than in the southern end of the basin. More detailed work and some spirit leveling seem neces- 

 sary to clear up the nature of the uplift or warping of the beach in that region. 



CALUMET BEACH. 



GENERAL FEATURES. 



The Calumet beach, like the Glenwood, opens into the Chicago outlet, but stands 20 or 25 

 feet below the level of the Glenwood beach, its altitude above Lake Michigan at the southern 

 end of the Lake Michigan basin being about 35 feet. The question of a lower lake level having 

 come in between the Glenwood and Calumet beaches is considered later (p. 356). 



Along much of the shore of Lake Michigan, both on the Michigan and the Wisconsin-Illinois 

 side, this beach has been cut away, and it nowhere lies more than 12 miles back from the shore of 

 Lake Michigan. It is best preserved along the south side of Calumet River in northwestern 

 Indiana, and for this reason has been given the name Calumet beach. It lies from 1 to 8 miles 

 back from the present shore of Lake Michigan from near the Michigan-Indiana State line west- 

 ward across the Indiana portion of the shore and northward about to Winnetka, Ik 1 . 1 



DISTRIBUTION IN MICHIGAN. 



In Michigan it appears on the bluff of Lake Michigan for a few miles between New Buffalo 

 and St. Joseph but is absent from St. Joseph northward nearly to South Haven. A short sec- 

 tion is preserved near the mouth of Black River at South Haven. It is also preserved for a short 

 distance on the south side of the mouth of the Kalamazoo at Saugatuck and at intervals from 

 there to Black Lake. It follows the south side of Black Lake from the Lake Michigan shore 

 eastward through Holland and then goes northward, coming to Grand River near the mouth of 

 Bass River, its distance back from the lake in this interval being 6 to 12 miles or as great as on 

 any part of the shore. North of Grand River it goes northwestward to Fruitport and thence 

 westward to the shore of Lake Michigan at Lake Harbor. It follows the lake shore to Muskegon 

 Lake and then runs back eastward through Muskegon, being well defined near the high school 

 and other points in the city. It is difficult to determine the extent of the lake up the Muskegon 

 Valley, for eastward from Muskegon it was a mere estuary less than 2 miles in width. North 

 of Muskegon River the beach follows the bluff of the river and of Muskegon Lake nearly to the 

 shore of Lake Michigan and reaches the shore only 2 or 3 miles north of the point where 



1 Mon. TJ. S. Geol. Survey, vol. 38, 1899, pp. 442-446; Chicago folio (No. SI), Geol. Atlas U. S., U. S. Geol. Survey, 1902, pp. 9-10, map p. 11; 

 Prof. Paper TJ. S. Geol. Survey No. 34, 1905, pp. 71-72; PI. XIV (map). 



