GLACIAL LAKE ARKONA. _ 367 



From the southwest corner of Worth Township the first beach runs northeast through 

 the southeastern part of sec. 30, and thence north through the east side of sec. 19. It is 

 not strong in this interval but is a well-formed gravelly ridge. Farther north it is some- 

 what broken for about 3 miles. West of Croswell it appears in stronger form, with a faint, 

 weaker ridge (aback line of the middle ridge) along its east base in sees. 31 and 30. In the 

 west part of sec. 19 it turns northeast and runs to the bank of the river in northeast sec. 18, in 

 this section forming a strong barrier between a swamp on the west and the river on the east. 

 Thence, in sec. 7, it turns a little west of north and after forming a sharp spit toward the north 

 near the river, loops around an island west of the spit and then turns northwest along the river 

 for half a mile to the middle of sec. 6, a mile directly south of Applegate and 17* miles directly 

 north from the Spring Hill road, where it is lost or buried under sandy outwash. 



At several points north of the county line which divides Grant and Worth townships this 

 lower member has gaps of a quarter to half a mile and is rather weak in some parts, notably those 

 in sees. 7 and 6, Worth Township, and 31 and 30, Lexington Township. These weak parts, how- 

 ever, seem to be accounted for by the fact that they were formed behind a wider sweep of flat 

 ground with less depth of water. North of a point west of Croswell this member appears to have 

 full strength up to the end. 



SECOND ARKONA BEACH. 



About half a mile east of the first Arkona beach on the Spring Hill road is another beach 

 ridge which, although faint and low on this road, grows strong within a mile to the north and 

 continues northward close west of the quarter line of the western tier of sections in Grant Town- 

 ship, to sec. 6. Here it bends a little west and then northeast, running over into sec. 31, Worth 

 Township. It is apparently cut away by the river for 1^ miles, but it begins again at the 

 southwest corner of sec. 20, Worth Township, and runs thence almost directly north in fine 

 form and strength past Croswell to the bank of the river at the center of the east side of sec. 19, 

 Lexington Township. At this bend the river appears to have cut the beach away, and appar- 

 ently there is no hope of finding it on the east side, all possible lines of continuation being 

 covered by sandy outwash from the moraine. A low, rather irregular, and fragmentary ridge 

 of very fine sand that starts near the east side of the river and runs through Croswell and sees. 

 20 and 17 is evidently a mere modification of the outwash, for it has the same composition and 

 in no way resembles the gravelly beach ridge. 



From the Spring Hill road the second Arkona beach ridge runs north 14 miles to the place 

 of its termination. Throughout this whole distance, with the exception of two or three very 

 short intervals, it is strong and clearly developed. At Croswell it passes through the western 

 edge of the village and is a fine, strong ridge with a considerable stretch of low, almost swampy 

 ground west of it. For a mile south of Croswell it shows a tendency to double; the main strong 

 strand lies to the east and the fainter more broken ridge lies close behind it on the west. At 

 its north end it rises barely above the surrounding ground and on its east side appears to be 

 nearly buried in silty deposits. 



THIRD ARKONA BEACH. 



The third or lowest beach runs northward from the Spring Hill road in a fairly direct line 

 through the center of sec. 31, Grant Township, and then eastward a little, passing out near 

 the northeast corner of sec. 30, and in the next mile turning back to north on the fine between 

 sees. 19 and 20 and ending abruptly one-fourth mile farther north, on the line between sees. 7 

 and 8, at the high bank of Black River. The river is here depressed about 80 feet below the 

 level of the beach, and just beyond the end of the ridge and northwest from it the bank is a 

 freshly cut and vertical bluff of clay with intercalated bedded sand. One-fourth mile to the 

 northeast, on top of the bluff across the river, a short but strong and well-formed gravel beach 

 ridge appears with the altitude and in the hne of continuation of the main ridge on the west 

 side of the river. It stands close to the edge of the bluff and extends only 15 or 20 rods north 



