CHAPTER XVIII. 



GLACIAL LAKE WAYNE. 

 By Frank B. Taylor. 



HISTORY. 



When the waters fell from the level of Lake Whittlesey they passed the levels which they 

 had formerly held at the Arkona beaches rapidly and apparently made their first important 

 pause, not at the Warren beach, which is the first strong beach below the Arkona beaches, 

 but at a lower beach of a lake here called Lake Wayne, after the place where its beach was 

 first observed in strong development. 1 



The Wayne beach is below the level of the Warren but appears to be the older of the two, 

 for it shows clear evidence of submergence and modification, and the Warren beach does not. 

 It seems, therefore, that the Wayne beach was submerged and modified during the time of 

 Lake Warren. 



The Grassmere and Lundy (Dana, Elkton) beaches are not included with the Wayne, for 

 they show no evidence of submergence and were made after the Warren in the transition to 

 Lake Algonquin. Nevertheless, the lowest stage of Lake Wayne may possibly have coincided 

 with the phase later reached by the earliest stage of Lake Algonquin, for it is not known how 

 low the Wayne waters fell before they rose to form Lake Warren. 



OUTLET. 



The place of the outlet for Lake Wayne has not been certainly fixed by continuous tracing, 

 but it is almost certain that it was eastward to the Mohawk Valley through some of the channels 

 south of Syracuse, N. Y., for the Wayne beach is slightly lower than the head of the Grand 

 River channel. It is possible, but not probable, however, that the lake found an outlet north- 

 westward along the base of the high ground to Lake Chicago near Little Traverse Bay. 

 (See p. 391.) 



WAYNE BEACH. 



DISTRIBUTION. 



MICHIGAN. 



In Michigan the Wayne beach has usually been called the "Lower Forest" or "Lower 

 Warren " beach, but since its character as a submerged beach has been recognized, these names 

 have become peculiarly inappropriate. The beach is well developed at the village of Wayne, 

 in Wayne County, Mich., and the name of that place is given to it. 



From the Ohio-Michigan line to the south bank of Black River northwest of Port Huron 

 this beach is generally developed in considerable strength, but through most of the interval 

 it is either composed of fine, partly wind-blown sand or is buried and obscured by it and is 

 thus somewhat lacking in sharpness. At several places it lies in the heavy sandy belt of the 

 region and in such places is hard to follow. 



Monroe County. — The Wayne beach enters Michigan 2 or 3 miles northeast of Sylvania, 

 Ohio, as part of the broad, sandy belt which Gilbert 2 called the fourth beach. The sandy belt 

 is about 6 miles wide at the State line and runs northward across the central part of Monroe 

 County. ■ 



i The position of the ice barriers of Lake Wayne is not accurately known, but they were presumably a little farther back toward the north 

 than those of Lake Warren. (See PI. XVII, p. 392.) 



2 Geological Survey of Ohio, vol. 2, 1874, pp. 49-50, map facing p. 56. 

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