GLACIAL LAKE WAYNE. 387 



From the southwest corner of Bedford Township the Wayne beach runs as a rather indefi- 

 nite ridge in the sandy belt northward past Lambertville, passing about a mile east of Lulu 

 and Federman and a mile west of Raisinville. A mile north of Raisin River it enters the area 

 covered by the Survey's recent topographic maps. 



This sandy belt and one or two others are well shown on Sherzer's map of Monroe County, 1 

 but the names he uses are not in accord with the established usage farther north. In the area 

 of horizontality the Wayne beach has an altitude of about 660 feet, in places reaching 665 feet. 

 The beach which Sherzer calls the Forest (Warren) beach corresponds to the Wayne beach here 

 described, the Warren being a few miles farther west. 



Washtenaw County. — In the Ypsilanti quadrangle the course of the Wayne beach is well 

 marked along or slightly above the contour line of 660 feet. The wind-blown character of the 

 belt is partly expressed on the Survey map by the ragged line along this contour and by small, 

 patchy areas which mark dunes with swampy hollows between them. 



Wayne County. — In the Romulus quadrangle the Wayne beach passes just west of Mar- 

 tinsville and north of French Landing and Romulus. It includes well-marked delta deposits 

 at Huron River near Romulus. 



From Romulus the Wayne beach runs directly north for 10 or 12 miles and is generally 

 well denned. At the vdlage of Wayne it is a ridge of sandy gravel 15 to 20 rods wide and 

 standing 10 to 12 feet above the plain east of it and 5 to 6 feet above that west of it. It con- 

 tinues strong past Livonia, thence turning gradually northeast and east to the edge of the 

 Detroit quadrangle. 



Entering the Detroit quadrangle the Wayne beach swings sharply to the southeast for 

 about 6 mdes, and in sec. 17, Greenfield Township, it makes a rather sharp turn north to Royal 

 Oak. This wide detour is caused by the Detroit interlobate moraine and shows remarkably 

 well the trend of this feature. 



Oakland County — Near Clawson, 3 miles north of Royal Oak, the beach splits up into 

 three or four heavy sand bars which run parallel toward the south. Royal Oak is on the east- 

 ern ridge. Southwest of the vdlage the bars bend southwest on spreading lines and include 

 Hubbard Marsh and one or two others between them. The whole formation in this quadrangle 

 is sandy and considerably wind blown. 



In the Rochester quadrangle the Wayne beach is not strong, but is more generally gravelly 

 and better denned. It curves gradually eastward from Big Beaver and passes less than a 

 mile north of Utica. From this place it leads northward, running half a mile east of Disco and 

 thence northeast out of the quadrangle 2 mdles east of Washington. 



Macomb County. — In Ray Township the Wayne beach is developed in considerable strength, 

 but is sandy at most places. It passes three-fourths mile west of Ray Center and runs northeast 

 into Lenox Township, in the northwestern part of which it is sandy in places but has gravel 

 and bowlders also associated with it. In the western part of the township it appears as isolated 

 gravel bars on morainic knolls. East of this for 2 or 3 nhles it is represented only by bowldery 

 ground with a few little low sandy bars. 



St. Clair County. — From the delta at Columbus the Wayne beach runs directly north- 

 northeast past Hickey, where it is a well-formed gravel ridge, to Thornton, where it broadens 

 into a sandy delta of Pine River. From this it continues northeast for about 3 miles as a pair 

 of sandy ridges which die out in an extensive sandy plain. It is weU developed and is com- 

 posed of sandy gravel nearly to Thornton. A very light and broken little ridge of gravel runs 

 about halfway between it and the Warren beach throughout this interval, and it splits slightly 

 for about 4 miles south of Thornton. 



Four heavy lines of dunes running north and south on the back of the water-laid part of the 

 Port Huron morainic system west and southwest of Port Huron appear to belong mainly to 

 the Wayne stage of the lake, the surf ace of the moraine being barely submerged at that time. 

 But they may belong partly to the Grassmere stage, for some of them are low enough for that 

 beach. 



i Geological report on Monroe County, Mich.: Michigan Geol. Survey, vol. 7, pt. 1, PL VII, p. 112. 



