388 PLEISTOCENE OF INDIANA AND MICHIGAN. 



Immediately on crossing to the north side of Black River the character of the country 

 changes. Sandy plains are absent, excepting one that reaches 4 or 5 miles northwest from 

 Port Huron and one that stretches a few miles along the shore between Port Huron and Lake- 

 port. The beaches are mainly gravelly, though in places sandy, especially where they merge 

 into the deltas of small streams. The ground between the beaches is mainly stony or sandy 

 till and is sprinkled in many places with stones and bowlders. 



In northeastern St. Clair County, west from Lakeport, the Algonquin, Lundy (Elkton), 

 and Grassmere beaches are all clearly developed. But between the Grassmere and Warren there 

 is a natter strip about 2 miles wide in which there is no certain evidence of a beach except a 

 faint, washed-down, fragmentary line that lies close to and 20 to 25 feet below the Warren and 

 that may represent the Wayne beach. For about 14 miles it is not over one-quarter to one- 

 eighth of a mile east of the Warren. It is generally composed of gravel with some stones and is 

 low and irregular. In many places it is broken and apparently missing, and by contrast with 

 the Warren beach it is very faint. At first it seemed doubtful whether this beach is the same 

 as the Wayne beach farther south, where the latter stands so clearly apart from the Warren. 

 But north of Black River the lakeward slope is much steeper and the beaches are set closer 

 together. Measured by vertical interval, this faint beach stands about the same distance below 

 the Warren that the Wayne does farther south. 



Sanilac County. — The beaches along the lakeward slope of Sanilac County to the south line 

 of Huron County were studied in considerable detail a number of years ago when the real charac- 

 ter of the Wayne beach was not understood and the lake history itself had not been so fully 

 worked out as now. All the beaches in this area were followed northward with almost entire 

 continuity, except where they had been cut away along the present shore. In going northward 

 and rising to higher levels some of the beaches, particularly the Grassmere and in somewhat less 

 degree the Lundy (Dana, Elkton), split up into several slender beaches. The Wayne and 

 Warren beaches also show some splitting, but it is inconspicuous and is probably of different 

 origin and significance from that of the other beaches. (See p. 405.) At the north line of 

 Sanilac County the Wayne beach appears to split into three or four slender strands with not over 

 10 feet difference in altitude for the whole interval. Such a range is no more than is common 

 in many beaches. It may be due to seasonal variations, to erosion of outlet, or perhaps in some 

 places to distant ice attraction and does not necessarily imply uplift. 



It is to be noted also that the Wayne beach keeps its place close to the Warren, the series 

 lying 25 to 35 feet below the upper strand of the Warren. This constancy of interval shows that 

 no important tilting of the land took place between the making of the Wayne and Warren beaches. 



The beaches below the Wayne were traced continuously through Sanilac County and were 

 found to show no tendency to confusion with the Wayne. In fact the widest and most distinct 

 space separating the beaches on this slope is between the Wayne and the Grassmere, and it is just 

 as clear where the splitting occurs as elsewhere. The Warren is distinctly double all through 

 the region of the "thumb" and the faint Wayne beach lies below its lower member. The writer's 

 studies, however, were not detailed enough to distinguish positively between the lower member 

 of the Warren and the highest faint member of the Wayne in northern Sanilac County. . The 

 mapping as it now stands seems to show some confusion, and further detailed study is needed. 



Huron County. — In Huron County the beaches between the Warren and the Algonquin 

 have not been traced continuously, although they have been crossed on three or four different 

 lines. A beach in northwest sec. 6, Sigel Township, 3J miles north of Verona Mills, has an 

 altitude of about 750 feet and is probably the Wayne or one of its strands. Two miles northwest 

 of Bad Axe a rather wide gravelly belt is in all probability the Wayne beach. A mile north of 

 Popple there is a delta that seems to belong to this beach. The beach is very distinct, though 

 "washed down, " from Rescue to Gagetown. 



Tuscola County. — In Tuscola County the Wayne beach was followed from 3 miles east of 

 Fair Grove southwest to about 2 miles northwest of Vassar. In this interval the beach has its 

 usual weak, washed-down appearance and is in some parts hard to follow. In this stretch it is 



