398 PLEISTOCENE OF INDIANA AND MICHIGAN. 



Arkona in Michigan he calls the "Upper Warren," and those corresponding to the Warren 

 beaches in Michigan he calls the "Lower Warren." He gives altitudes of the "Lower Warren," 

 at points northeast of Eden Valley only, 1 as follows: Eden Valley, 784 feet; Hamburg, 790 feet; 

 Elma Center station, 835 feet; Steitz Corners, 835 feet; Zion Church (2 miles northwest of Ma- 

 nila), 832 feet; West Alden, 830 feet; Crittenden, 858 feet; Indian Falls, 869 feet; Pond station 

 (south of South Alabama), 887 feet. According to the writer's observations there are at West 

 Alden five strands which are lower and appear to be distinct and separate from the higher Arkona 

 group that runs on to Alden. The road corner at West Alden is on one of these at 845 feet. 

 Another, apparently the highest of the lower group, is less than a quarter of a mile southeast of 

 the corner and is 3 or 4 feet higher. Four of these ridges are related to a delta and fade out in less 

 than a mile northeast of the corner at the south side of Ellicott Creek, only the lowest crossing 

 this creek. These bars do not terminate like the ridges that run through Alden ; they stop at the 

 edge of the delta apparently on account of lack of beach-making material and not because they 

 are buried under gravel. The altitude of the beach at Crittenden is 858 feet A\ miles northeast 

 of West Alden. The highest rate of rise that Fairchild gives is 2.6 feet to the mile from Crit- 

 tenden to Pond Survey station. The beach at the corner at West Alden is 845 feet or 13 feet 

 below the Crittenden ridge. At Fairchild's highest rate of rise the difference should be only 11 

 feet, but this interval is south from Crittenden and the rate should be a little less, and it seems 

 likely that the first bar east of West Alden is the real correlative of the Crittenden ridge. It 

 seems to the writer that Fairchild's measurement at Zion Church is also too low and probably 

 falls below the upper strand of the lower group. 



In determining the rate of rise in western New York Fairchild uses "the Whittlesey and 

 the stronger Upper Warren (Arkona) bars." He seems to use the latter beach to measure 

 the uplift to Crittenden and to Pond Survey station, although these places are both beyond 

 Alden, where his Upper Warren (Arkona) group ends. 2 He finds the whole uplift from the State 

 line northeast to Pond station to be 149 feet in 92.5 miles, or at the rate of 1.61 feet per mile. 

 Near the State line the uplift is about 1 foot per mUe, and from Crittenden to Pond station it is 

 2.6 feet per mile. From the Cattaraugus Valley north the average is somewhat more than 2 

 feet per mile. (See PL XVIII.) 



GLACIAL BARRIERS OF LAKE WARREN. 



In the Niagara region in New York and on the Niagara peninsula in Ontario the Niagara 

 Falls moraine appears to mark the place of the eastern barrier of Lake Warren. If it is found 

 possible to recognize and trace water-laid moraines in the somewhat hilly country of western 

 New York the place of the barrier east of the Niagara quadrangle may be definitely determined. 



In Michigan the meeting place of the Warren beach and the ice barrier was somewhere 

 near Au Sable River west of Harrisville or southwest of Alpena, but on account of the great quan- 

 tity of sand there seems httle hope of tracing it in that region. It may be marked by either the 

 Bay City or Tawas moraine. (See fig. 6, p. 370.) 



In Canada two localities seem favorable for the determination of the barriers. One is on 

 the slope toward Lake Ontario west or northwest from Toronto ; the other is on the east side of 

 Lake Huron north of Wingham, but neither of these localities has been studied. 



CORRELATIVES OF LAKE WARREN. 



In the west the principal correlatives of Lake Warren were Lakes Chicago and Duluth, 

 both lakes attaining their maximum extent about at the same time. In the east, so far 

 as known, the correlatives of Lake Warren within the drainage basin of the Great Lakes were 

 confined to some small lakes in the Finger Lake region in New York and glacial lakes in the 

 southern part of the Georgian Bay basin and the basin of Lake Simcoe, including perhaps some 

 part of the Trent Valley region. These lakes as well as those in New York discharged west- 

 ward to Lake Warren. 



i Fairchild, H. L., Glacial waters in the Lake Erie basin: Bull. New York State Mus. No. 106, 1907, p. 65. 

 - Idem, p. 77. 



