422 PLEISTOCENE OF INDIANA AND MICHIGAN. 



of a trough 1 to 2 miles wide, which holds Lake Augusta in its northern part, Long Lake in its 

 southeast prolongation, and Monaghan Creek, which flows southeast into Long Lake from near 

 Lake Augusta. The ridge falls off in altitude gradually to the southeast, but from a point 1 mile 

 north of Lake Augusta the heavy Algonquin gravel bar runs upon it for about 5 miles southeast, 

 or within 2 or 3 miles of Long Lake. 



Where the road crosses the upper Algonquin beach 2\ miles east of Hagensville the highest 

 beach is very strong and is composed mainly of coarse gravel. About half a mile southeast of 

 this point it becomes a fine barrier ridge with a swamp behind it, and it continues thence south- 

 east in strong development nearly to Lake Augusta, where it turns sharply northeast and forms 

 a high barrier bar across low ground for more than a mile. It then joins the great gravel bar on 

 the eastern ridge and, after running east for nearly 2 miles, turns south and southeast along the 

 crest of the ridge, as described above. Its development is very impressive, spits and bars of such 

 proportions being seldom seen. 



From east of Hagensville the beach continues northwest as a rather strong gravel ridge at 

 the base of a wave-cut bluff 10 to 40 feet high. The lower ridges of the upper Algonquin group 

 are well developed in this stretch southeast from Crawford's quarry. 



A mile south of Crawford's quarry the highest beach turns back sharply to the southwest 

 and then resumes its northwesterly course. The lower members of the group are finely devel- 

 oped in this vicinity and to Trout River, 3 miles west of Rogers, beyond which for 7 or 8 miles the 

 upper beach is a lake bluff 30 to 100 feet high cut by the waves in a heavy morainic deposit. 

 The upper beach runs in moderate strength along its base and the lower beaches are finely 

 developed on the lakeward slope. 



This great bluff ends about 4 miles southeast of the landing at Hammonds Bay, and the 

 upper beach runs thence directly westward as a great high bar or spit of rather sandy gravel 

 on the summit of the morainic ridge for over 5 miles and terminates about 4 miles north of 

 Ocqueoc. Between it and the lake the lower members of the upper group are finely developed, 

 although more sandy than in the places previously described. 



South of this great bar the Ocqueoc River valley was a bay measuring about 4 miles each 

 way. From the end of the clay bluff, where the spit branches off, the highest Algonquin beach 

 turns inland and runs south 3 or 4 miles in weaker form, curving gradually to the west and 

 northwest. It passes through the village of Ocqueoc and continues northwest about 3 miles, 

 where it turns south and runs about 3 miles up Rainy River. After crossing this river it again 

 turns northwest and passes within about a mile of Black Lake. From the great spit to this point 

 the upper beach is considerably weaker than it is farther east. This is due to its distance 

 inland from Lake Huron and to the wider shallows that approached it. Some of the lower 

 members of the upper Algonquin group were seen in this interval, but they are weak. 



Along the south side of Black Lake, however, the upper beach runs about 4 miles in con- 

 siderable strength and the lower members of the group are well developed. From the southwest 

 corner of the lake the upper beach turns south and then southeast up Black River to about 2 

 miles southwest of Onaway. Returning on the west side, it passes through Tower. Some of 

 the lower members are developed in the stretch near Black Lake, but the rest of this valley is 

 filled with sand and the lower members do not appear. From Tower the upper beach runs in a 

 nearly direct fine northwestward to a point within 2 miles of Mullet Lake. For some distance 

 from Tower the beach marks the upper edge of a sandy plain and is not so clearly developed as 

 usual, but toward Mullet Lake it gains in strength and becomes a prominent lake cliff, on the 

 northward and westward slopes of which the whole series is finely developed. Tins locality is 

 about \\ miles southeast and 2 to 3 miles south of Aloha on Mullet Lake. 



Along the northeast side of Black Lake, \\ to 2 miles from its shore, a high morainic ridge 

 about a mile wide runs about 5 miles northwest to Marsh Lake. It was a high, prominent 

 island in Lake Algonquin, on winch the beach is marked by a bench and a high lake cliff along 

 its northeast and southwest sides. At some points the cliffs are nearly 100 feet high and some 

 of the knobs of the moraine rise nearly 200 feet above the beach. Two or three of the ridges 

 below the highest are well defined on the north side of the island and run for several miles north- 



