GLACIAL LAKE ALGONQUIN. 423 



west toward Cheboygan. The upper beach and some of the lower ridges are also well developed 

 on the south side, especially toward the southeast, where a great spit curves south around the 

 east side of Black Lake. 



Mullet Lake to Petoskey. — From the point south of Aloha the upper Algonquin beach runs 

 south past Silver Lake and, after forming a small embayment reaching a mile to the east, runs 

 west to near Pigeon River, up which it extends south for 3 miles. The highest beach and several 

 members of the upper group are well developed where they turn toward the south around a 

 high knoll. From Pigeon River they run west in fairly strong development to a point near the 

 bank of Sturgeon River over 3 miles south of the village of Indian River. Here the upper beach 

 turns south to Rondo and after crossing Sturgeon River runs northwest in a nearly direct line 

 for about 7 miles. The beach here lies at the back of a great sandy plain and is not strong. It 

 then runs west in an irregular course, passing a mile south of Pickerel Lake, and turns southwest 

 past Epsilon, leaving a large knoll as an island a mile north of this place. Southwest of Epsilon 

 the beach runs a mile or two up a trough leading south and then turns northwest to the high 

 headland 2 miles south of Conway, where it turns southwest. After turning the shoulder of 

 the headland the beach grows stronger toward the southwest. It is mainly a wave-cut bench 

 and cliff facing northwest over Little Traverse Bay and Lake Michigan, but back of Bay View 

 its lower members are considerably obscured by wind-blown sand. 



Archipelago north of Indian River and Petoskey. 1 — At Indian River the waters of Lake Algon- 

 quin entered a region of islands forming an archipelago of considerable extent. The eastern 

 islands are relatively small. One lying about 2 miles northeast of Indian River and another 

 about 2 miles north near the east shore of Burt Lake are each about 2 miles in length and 

 roughly oval in form. They rise 100 to 150 feet above the highest Algonquin beach, which is 

 well developed around their sides. The lower members of the upper group are also present in 

 moderate strength. 



An irregular island or chain of islands running northward 4 or 5 miles from Topinabee on 

 Mullet Lake shows well-formed beaches on its west side. A much larger island, 3 to 4 miles 

 wide, begins about half a mile from Mullet Lake and extends northwestward about 7 miles to 

 Douglas Lake. Around its east and southeast end the water was deep and gave effective action 

 to the waves, and the upper Algonquin beach and the lower members of the upper group are 

 strongly developed. Around the other sides the upper beach is weaker on account of wide 

 shallows and most of the lower members are absent except to the north. 



A smaller island north of this one extends as a narrow ridge about 4 miles long from north- 

 west to southeast. It carries several of the lower beaches of the upper group and has the upper 

 beach finely formed on its north and east sides. A spit runs northwest about 2 miles from its 

 north end, and several lower members of the upper group appear as fine gravel bars a mile 

 northeast of the island and 2 miles north of the westward spit. A short spit runs out also from 

 its southeast end. A mile or two east of the south end of this island a small area is surrounded 

 by one of the lower members of the upper group strongly developed. The bar northeast of the 

 island is 2 or 3 miles long, and the one 2 miles north of the westward spit is about 4 miles long 

 and bounds a large swamp lying to the south. 



The bar curves westward and connects with the Algonquin beaches at the north side of 

 Carp Lake. The highest Algonquin appears not to be represented at this place, but several of 

 the upper group below the highest are strongly developed. One extends as a great gravel spit 

 for about 2 miles around the east end of Carp Lake, and others extend westward and southward 

 around the west end. 



About 2 miles south of Carp Lake a chain of morainic knolls runs southeast past Buck- 

 horn nearly to Munro Lake. Along their north side the upper Algonquin beach is finely devel- 

 oped, generally as a gravel ridge accompanied in one or two places by a lake bluff 30 to 40 feet 

 high. Toward the west this island is tied to the north side of a much larger island by a great 

 bar of coarse gravel through which the Grand Rapids & Indiana Railway is cut 2 miles north 

 of Levering. 



1 The distribution o[ the islands and of the beaches among them is shown on the large colored map (PI. VII). 



