426 PLEISTOCENE OF INDIANA AND MICHIGAN. 



at Ellsworth. The Algonquin waters extended thence down Intermediate Lake and over 

 Grass, Clam, Torchlight, and Elk lakes to the basin of Grand Traverse Bay. They also crossed 

 the narrow neck of land to the same basin at the north end of Torchlight Lake. At least four 

 large islands we're thus inclosed by these winding channels, the largest lying west of Pine and 

 Intermediate lakes and extending about 26 miles, from Clam Lake to Charlevoix. 



Distinct shore lines around Pine Lake mark the highest Algonquin beach and some of the 

 lower members of the upper group. The upper line is distinct north of Undine and Hortons 

 Bay, and several of the group are well developed near Ironton and along the railroad 2 to 4 

 miles south of Charlevoix. In the narrower channels to the south no beaches were found, 

 but the swampy cols below the level of Lake Algonquin are well defined. 



The highest Algonquin beach is well developed about 2 miles southwest of Charlevoix, 

 whence it runs nearly direct to Norwood and thence south to Eastport. The lower members 

 are well developed near Charlevoix and nearly to Norwood, but at the latter place some of 

 them are probably cut away. Along the narrow peninsula southward from Eastport and 

 on the east side facing Torchlight Lake the upper beach is only moderately strong. A mile 

 and a half south of Elk Rapids the upper beach is marked by a strong gravel ridge and a hooked 

 spit, and one or two of the members below it are faintly developed. It runs thence south close 

 to the shore of East Arm, much of the way as a wave-cut bench and bluff, in which form it 

 passes south onto swampy flats. 



The Old Mission Peninsula, which divides the south part of Grand Traverse Bay into two 

 parallel arms — East and West — was a long, narrow island with a rather irregular outline in 

 Lake Algonquin, and the present land connection to the south is distinctly below the upper Algon- 

 quin beach. Three small islands were associated with it. A trough a mile wide runs north- 

 ward from Old Mission across the outer part of the point and makes another island about 2 

 miles long and a quarter of a mile wide on the east side. At Neahtawanta there was an island 

 half a mile long and a quarter of a mile wide, and there was another of about the same size 

 on Marion Island. All of these islands in Lake Algonquin are well defined by the highest 

 beach which surrounds them by benches or ridges. 



Traverse City to Northport. — In Traverse City the beach is nearly a mile back from the 

 shore and is not well defined. West of the town, however, it lies close to the present shore 

 and is quite distinct. It turns northwest up the trough which passes through to the south 

 end of Lake Leelanau, but the divide in this trough appears to be a few feet above the Algonquin 

 level. 



From Traverse beach to Northport the upper Algonquin beach is close to the present 

 shore and is well defined, except where it runs back 2 miles to the south in the embayment 

 at Suttons Bay. At Omena a knoll a mile east of the main shore line formed a small island. 

 Some of the lower members of the group are well developed in this interval. In the south part 

 of Traverse Bay, however, the upper Algonquin is so little above the Nipissing beach that 

 the lower members of the upper group are not well displayed. In the village of Northport 

 the upper beach and two or three of the lower members are fairly strong. About a mile 

 north of Northport the upper beach turns directly west across the peninsula. 



Northport to Manistee. — Southwest of Northport the Algonquin beach enters a new prov- 

 ince — a province of truncated headlands and landlocked bays — which extends southward along 

 the east shore of Lake Michigan to the northwest corner of Muskegon County. Landlocked 

 bays or shore lakes continue down to Saugatuck, but the truncated headlands are not promi- 

 nent south of Oceana County. 



A mile and a half northwest of Northport, where the highest Algonquin beach ends abruptly 

 at a high lake cliff, the entire series of older beaches has. been cut away by the modern lake 

 and a great fresh bluff of clay 50 to 100 feet high forms the shore. At Gills's pier the Algon- 

 quin beach is present and runs southward up the east side of Lake Leelanau. It is strong 

 and distinct to the vicinity of Provemont, but south of that is mostly only a faint wave-cut. 

 bench. North of the outlet at Leland the Algonquin beach is fairly well defined on the east 

 side of a morainic ridge for 2 miles but is entirely cut away on the west side. A mile south of 



