454 PLEISTOCENE OF INDIANA AND MICHIGAN. 



heavily paved with bowlders and stones derived from the cliff cutting and afford a rough measure 

 of the amount of cutting accomplished. The passage eastward from Little Traverse Bay is 

 now closed by a great belt of dunes that stretches across the head of the bay, but it was not 

 closed by the gravels of the Nipissing beach. 



At Bay View the Nipissing beach is considerably obscured by wind-blown sand. In the 

 eastern part of the village a shai'p bluff rises from a wave-cut bench covered by many low 

 ridges of sandy gravel. But here as in some other places the old shore features are deceptive, 

 because later wave work at a slightly lower level removed the Nipissing shore line. 

 Between Bay View and Petoskey the beach is partly obscured by dunes and partly cut away 

 by the present lake. In Petoskey and for some distance to the west the bluff continues with 

 its base lower than the Nipissing level. At Bay Shore and at several points to the east small 

 fragments of the Nipissing shore line occur, but for about 3 miles west of Bay Shore the beach 

 is again cut away by the present lake. North of Burgess it reappears as a cliff and heavy sandy 

 and gravelly ridges, winch extend for 3 miles, to about a mile north of Charlevoix, where it is 

 again cut away by the present lake. 



On Beaver Island the Nipissing beach is finely developed around all sides, except the south- 

 ern, on which for a mile or two it has been cut away by the present lake. Along nearly all the 

 western side the beach is a tremendously strong, wide, bowldery, wave-cut bench with a steep 

 cliff 50 to 100 feet high. On the east side the bluffs are much lower and the ridges along its 

 base are gravelly and sandy. It is a fine gravelly bar at the old site of Cable's dock and con- 

 stitutes the barrier which separates Lake Genesareth from Lake Michigan. About 3 miles 

 north of Cable's dock it is cut away by the present lake for nearly a mile. At the north end 

 of the island it is finely developed at Indian Point, and bars belonging to it inclose Faunt Lake 

 on its west side. The gravel bars near the lighthouse, a mile east of St. James, are massive 

 and finely developed. 



On High Island the Nipissing beach is well developed and forms a barrier inclosing a 

 small pond on its east side. It occurs also on Garden Island and probably on Hog Island. 



The waters of the Nipissing Lakes entered Pine Lake at Charlevoix and left a light but 

 very distinct shore line all around its shores. For 4 miles southwest of Charlevoix the present 

 lake has cut away the Nipissing beach. From this on to a point a little south of Norwood it is 

 a narrow bench and cliff . At Norwood it is marked by a wide bench and a high bluff. For 3 

 or 4 miles beyond it is again cut away, but from a point northwest of Eastport it is part of a 

 sandy belt that skirts the shore as far as Elk Rapids. In this vicinity the Nipissing beach lies 

 so little above Lake Michigan and so little below the Algonquin beach that it is less conspicuous 

 and it is more generally cut away by the present lake. 



The waters of this stage entered Elk, Round, Torchlight, and probably Clam and Grass 

 Lakes also. From Elk Rapids to the head of East Bay the beach is cut away for much of 

 the distance, but where it remains it is mainly a narrow cut bench with a low cliff at its back. 

 In some places, however, it is a gravelly bar. Across the south end of East Bay it is a low 

 sandy belt. 



The east side of the Old Mission Peninsula is high and steep and the water is deep near 

 shore. It has not all been explored, but so far as seen the Nipissing beach appears to be present 

 along the greater part of it as a narrow bench and low cliff. In some places it has been cut 

 away by the present lake. It runs around Old Mission Harbor as a belt of low, crescentic ridges 

 inclosing two small ponds. Along the west side of the peninsula there are more stretches of 

 low ground, although in general the shore is rather steep. From the Mission Point lighthouse 

 for about 3 miles southwest the Nipissing beach is well defined along the back edge of the low, 

 sandy shore. It is also formed in moderate strength around Bowers Harbor and on Marion 

 Island and at most places along the shore southward to Traverse City. The sandy flat which 

 forms the neck of the peninsula just east of Traverse City is mainly an accumulation of the 

 Nipissing beach. But for this sand the peninsula would be an island. 



