202 TREUBIA VOL. II, 2—4. 
surface of the second and third parts of the oesophagus displays a number 
of longitudinal folds, these being most strongly developed in the second 
part. From the beginning of the third part (at CD in fig. 8, Plate XX) 
down to the beginning of the muscular gizzard (at EF in fig. 8, Plate XX) 
the longitudinal folds dwindle more and more. The powerfully developed 
muscular gizzard of the bandeng, which, as has just been said, begins 
at EF in fig. 8, Plate XX, and which is not mentioned in the literature 
accessible to me, must obviously be looked upon as the pyloric part of 
the whole stomach of other Teleosts. This appears in the first place from 
the fact that this muscular gizzard, as may be seen in fig 7, Plate XIX, 
runs from left behind to right ahead and secondly from what is stated by 
GEGENBAUR ('4), Il, p. 133 concerning the muscular gizzard of Mugil, 
Heterotis, Meletta thryssa, Phagrus and the Mormyrinae. 
Looking upon the muscular gizzard of the bandeng as the pyloric 
part of the whole stomach of other Teleosts, we are under the necessity 
of assuming that in the part of the alimentary canal of the bandeng 
situated between CD and EF in fig. 8, Plate XX, a distinct boundary 
between oesophagus and cardiac part of the stomach did not yet 
develop. 
It has struck me that in the bandeng reared in the marine fish-ponds 
of Batavia the muscular layer of that part of the gizzard-wall which is 
furthest away from the pylorus, may grow much thicker than is the 
case with bandeng from the sea. In connection with this the gizzard- 
lumen in sea-bandeng, which is narrowest near the pylorus, grows wider 
towards the oesophagus, whilst in bandeng reared in the empangs this 
widening of te gizzard-lumen is again followed bij a more or less pronoun- 
ced narrowing towards the oesophageal extremity of the gizzard. For this 
compare fig. 8 (Plate XX) (sea-bandeng) with fig. 10 (empang-bandeng). 
oesophagus 
pylorus 
Fig. 10, Longitudinal section through the gizzard of a bandeng 
(Chanos chanos (FORSK.)) from the Batavia empangs. X 1. 
Beside these fig. 11 shows a transverse section through the middle of the 
muscular gizzard of an empang-bandeng. The line AB of fig. 11 is in the 
