SUNIER: Marine fish-ponds of Batavia. 203 
plane of drawing of fig. 10, which plane is at right angles to that 
of fig. 11. 
The part of the intestine following imme- 
diately after the muscular gizzard is the place 
where the numerous appendices pyloricae debouch 
(cf. fig. 8, Plate XX). The next portion of the 
intestine shows a net-shaped relievo of the mucous 
membrane, which net-shaped relievo, however, 
passes very soon (i.e. already at + !/,; of the 
entire length of the intestine from the pylorus up 
to the anus) into a number of longitudinal folds 
of the mucous membrane, which continue all the 
way to the anus (cf. fig. 8, Plate XX). 
The place where this change in the relievo 
of the mucous membrane occurs may perhaps 
be looked upon as the transitional place between en ans en 
duodenum and ileum. Neither by a transverse gizzard of a bandeng (Chanos 
fold or by a constriction, nor by the appearance Chanos (FORSk.)) from the 
: à Batavia empangs. X |. 
of changes in the relievo of the mucous mem- The line AB is in the plane 
brance or in the calibre of the intestine there of drawing of fig. 10 which 
B : 5 5 plane is at right angles to 
is developed in the bandeng anything like a that of fig. 11. 
demarcation between ileum and rectum. 
As GÜNTHER (5) remarks the intestine of the bandeng displays a large 
number of convolutions. As a consequence the aggregate length of the 
intestine is very great. 
In a sea-bandeng which, without the caudal fin, measured 87'/, cM., 
the length of the intestine from the pylorus up to the anus was 8 M. 
§ 2. Geographical distribution and biological environment 
of the bandeng. 
The bandeng occurs in the entire circumtropical indo-pacific region 
(ORTMANN (12), viz. from the East coast of Africa (including the Red Sea) 
(+ 40° Long. E. of Gr.) as far as the Paumotu-islands or Low-Archipelago 
(+ 140° Long. W. of Gr.), and from the South of Japan (30 to 40° Lat. N.) 
as far as New South Wales (30 to 40° Lat. S.) (cf. WEBER and DE BEAUFORT (%)). 
Besides it would appear to me that in connection with the nature of its 
food, of which more will be said below, the bandeng is most likely 
confined to the litoral region. In the literature accessible to me I have 
not met with any further indications concerning the proper environment 
of the bandeng. BLEEKER (*) only says: “in mari et in piscinis”; 
WEBER and DE BEAUFORT (3%) speak of: “in sea and estuaries’; 
GUNTHER (5) states: “Indian and Pacific Oceans”; DAY (Ne MIRC! Sez, 
Seas of India, etc.”. 
