KENNARD & WOODWAED : NOMENCLATORIAL NOTES, 8'7 



shell, 3'5 mm. in length, in which the mantle did not, he says (p. 6), 

 protrude beyond the margin of the shell, thus differentiating it from 

 true Physa. Adanson's shell has remained indeterminate. 



0. F. Miiller, in 1781 {Geschichte der Perlen-Blasen, "Der Natur- 

 forscher," xv, pp. 1-20), took up this derelict, pre-Linnean name 

 (p. 6), added the trivial name of senegalensis to Adanson's shell, 

 a,nd associated with it the three supposedly kindred molluscs from, 

 his " Vermium Historia ", viz. Planorbis bulla (which he rechristens 

 B. perla), PI. turritus, and PI. gelatinus. Of course, the adoption 

 of Adanson's name involves the acceptance of his shell as the type 

 of the genus. Since, however, that is indeterminate, this post- 

 Linnean revival of the name is rendered nugatory. But for that 

 Bulinus, Miiller, 1781, would have precedence of Physa, Draparnaud, 

 1801. 



Oken, in 1815 (Lehrb. Naturgeschichte, iii, abth. 1, p. 302), 

 practically followed Miiller, but emended Adanson's name to Bullinus 

 (out of respect, apparently, to its Latin derivation), and added to the 

 genus Patella fluviatilis, thus making confusion worse confounded. 

 His name is equally invalid. 



The name Bullinus next occurs in a quaint sale catalogue of the 

 effects of Bishop 0. Fabricius, entitled "Fortegnelse over en . . . 

 Bogsamling . . . tillegemed en betydelig Deel Naturalier, hvori- 

 blandt en Conchyliesamling, afgange Biskop Fabricius's . . . som 

 ved auction . . . forstkommende ", etc., which was published in 

 Copenhagen in 1823. On p. 71 of this book Bullinus fontinalis, 

 hypnorum, and terehellmn are cited. 



Beck in 1838 (Index Moll., p. 116), apparently following Miiller, 

 employed Adanson's name, distinguishing two subgenera : 1 Aplexa, 

 Fleming, for A. hypnorum (L.) B., elongata, Say, etc., and 2 Bulinus, 

 B., for B. fontinalis (L.) B., contortus, acutus (Drp.) B., senegalensis, 

 0. Mull., etc. 



Meantime Ehrenberg, in 1831 (Symbol. Phys. Anim. Evert, 

 [p. 87]), had established the genus Isidora for certain Egyptian and 

 Syrian physoid molluscs. 



"in 1869 both Dohrn (Malak. Blatt., p. 18) and Von Martens 

 (Malak. Blatt., p. 213) questioned whether Isidora might not be 

 allied to Adanson's "Bulin". A suggestion that Jickeli in 1874 

 (Nova Acta K. Acad. Leop. -Carol., xxxvii. No. 1, p. 202) considered 

 a very probable one. 



H. Adams, in 1861, when describing certain shells in the Cuming 

 Collection (Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1861) created (p. 143) a new 

 subgenus, Ameria, of Physa, for certain forms from Australia with 

 flattened and angulated whorls, carinated at the posterior part. 



Fischer, in 1883 (Manuel Conchyl., p. 509), accepting pre-Linnean 

 writers, revived Adanson's name of Bulinus for a genus distinct 

 from Physa, and placed in its synonymy Isidora of Ehrenberg, 

 with Gray's Diastrophia (Turton's Manual, 1840, p. 16), which was 

 established for the European Physa contorta, Michaud. 



