178 PKOCEEDINGS OF THE MALACOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 



1883. Euconulus : Reinhardt, Sitzb. Gesell. Naturf. Freunde, Berlin, 1883, 



p. 86. 

 1886. Trochulus: Westerlund, Fauna Palaarct. Region, i, p. 26 and 



Beil. iii, p. 16. [Non Humphrey, 1797 {=Monodon.la, Lam.) ; nee 



" Trochulus, Christ." Gray, 1847 ; nee Trocliula, Schliiter, 1838 



(= Helicopsis).] 



1889. Ernstia : Jousseaume, Mem. Soc. Zool. France, ii, p. 250. 



1890. Arnouldia : Bourguignat, Bull. Soc. Malac. France, vii, p. 330. 



Genus Zonitoides, Lehmann, 1862. 



Type, Helix nitidus, Miiller. 



1821. Helicella [pars] : Ferussac, Tabl. syst. Lima9ons, Jan. ed., p. 41 



(June ed., p. 37). 

 1833. OxycJiilus [pars]: Fitzinger, Beitr. Landesk. Oesterr., iii, p. 100. 



[Non Oxycheila, Dejean, 1825 (Coleopt.).] 

 1837. Hyalinia, Ag. (Msc.) [pars] : -Charpentier, Neue Denkschr. AUg. 



Schweiz. Gesell., i [No. 2], p. 13. 

 1850. Hyalina [pars] : Albers, Heliceen, p. 66. [Non Schumacher, 1817 



(Marginellid£e) ; nee Studer, 1820 (= Vitrina).'] 

 1855. Aflostoma [pars] : Moquin-Tandon, Hist. Moll. France, ii, p. 72. 

 1862. Zonitoides : Lehmann, Malak. Blatt., ix, p. 111. 



Section 1 : Zonitoides, s.s., as above. 



Section 2 : Pseudohyalina, Morse, 1864. 



Type, P. exigua (Stimpson), hereby selected. 



1864; Psexdohyilina : Morse, Journ. Portland Soc. Nat. Hist., i, 



pp. 5 and 15. 

 1879. Chanomphahis, Strebel, Beitr., Kennt. Fauna Mexik., L. & S. 



Conch, jv, 1880 [i.e. 1S79], p. 19. 



Hygromanes, Ferussac's third group, has had, like his first, to be 

 redistributed. Beck, in 1837,'° practically incorporated it bodily, 

 with some species from Heliomanes, in his Bradyhcena, including 

 carthusiana and carthusiane.lla, which formed the core of Risso's 

 Theha (Leach MS.). Seeing that Beck had already used Theha, 

 Leach, for the bulk of Heliomanes plus some Hygromanes, ^^ he 

 cannot be held to have discriminated between the various forms 

 classed together under Ferussac's Hygromanes. 



The group as constituted by Ferussac, contained twenty-eight 

 species. Of these, eight are referable to Theha (Leach MS.) of Risso ; 

 three are now placed in Eulota, Hartmann ; one in Acanthinula, 

 Beck ; one in Thersites, Pfeiffer ; while one, " albula ? Studer," 

 remains indeterminate. The remaining fourteen form a concrete 

 group that of late has been referred to Hygromia, Risso, 1826. Only 

 two species were included by Risso under the name :— cinctella, Fer., 

 and folliculata, Risso (= ciliata (Venetz), Studer, 1820), and Gray 

 in 1847 '' selected the former as the type. Hygromia as a generic 

 name had, however, been already employed by Schrank in 1803 

 for Vermes,^^ and is consequently not available. Recourse must 

 therefore be had to Held's name Fruticicola, founded in 1837.^^ 



" Index Moll., p. 18. " lb., p. 10. 



»2 Fauna Boica, iii, pt. ii, pp. 186 and 227-9. " Isis, xxx, hft. 12, col. 914. 



