schilder: on cyfbma and tbivia. 101 



He adopted suhatomaria, Oih.,jousseaumei, Bayan, etc, as specific 

 names, but thought that Trivia grayi, Mich., suhrostrata, Gray, 

 etc., might be left, since Trivia was separated as a distinct genus. 

 Sacco also changed the subgenus Tigris, Troschel (1863), into 

 Vulgusella, Jouss. (1884), but without cause. Linnaeus used Tigris 

 for a genus of Mammalia in 1735, but in 1758 it had only specific 

 rank ; therefore the genus Tigris is not cited by Sherborn (1902, 

 Index Animal., i, p. 977), and cannot be regarded as valid. Tigris, 

 Klein (1753), a genus of mollusca (cf . Agassiz, 184:8, Index universalis, 

 p. 1070), is likewise not valid. 



Cossmann gave new names to fossil species preoccupied by previous 

 authors. In 1896 (Feuille de jeunes naturalistes (3), xxvi, p. 1) 

 he changed Basterotia, Jouss. (1884) nee Hoern. (1859), into 

 Cavicyprcea, nov. subg., and in 1903 (Essais paleoconch. comp., 

 V, p. 143, etc.) he proposed the following : — 



G. (polysarca, nov.) n.p. gibbosa, Borson (1820) nee Linn. (?) 



„ tatei, nov. n.p. amygdalina, Tate (1890) nee Grat. 



(1845). 

 „ ventripotens, nov. n.]^. ptnguis, Conr. (1855) nee Mich. 



(1838). 



He separated C. flavicula. Lam., from elongata, Broc, and called 

 the fossil Trivia, pedicularis and not lamarcJcii. 



Hidalgo (1906-7), in his classical " Monographia del Genero 

 Cyprsea " (Mem. K. Acad. Cienc. Madrid, xxv), published many 

 changes of specific names, some of which are challenged by various 

 writers. Hidalgo believed the not strictly binominal Meuschen 

 to be valid, and also incorrectly interpreted some of the oldest 

 descriptions. The names changed by him are as iollows : — 

 C. (amarata, Meusch., 1787) n.p. scurra, Gmel. (1790). 

 „ chinensis, Gmel. (1790) n.p. cruenta. Dill. (1817) nee Gmel. 



(1790). 

 (dautzenbergi, nov.) n.p. fuscomaculata, Pease (1868 nee 1865). 



(fragilioides, Meusch., 1778) n.p. cinerea, Gmel. (1790). 

 fuscomaculata. Pease (1865) n.p. adelince, Rob. (1885). 

 griZiei, Jouss. (1893) n.p. intermedia, Redf. (1847) nee Kien. 



(1845). 

 (hirundo, Linn., 1758) n.p. neglecta. Sow. (1837). 



{kieneri, nov.) n.-p. hirundo. Sow. (1837) nee Linn. 



(1758). 

 {melvilli, nov.) n.p. ursellus, Kien. (1845) nee Gmel. 



(1790). 

 wototo, Gill (1858) n.p. raacwZa, Angas (1867). 



{errones, var.) ovum, Gm. n.p. sophice, Braz. (1876). 



(1790) 

 (punctulata, Gmel., 1790) n.p. tabescens. Dill. (1817). 

 robertsi, nov. n.p. punctulata. Gray (1824) nee Gmel. 



(1790). 

 turdus. Lam. (1810) n.p. ovaia. Perry (1811). 



vinosa, Gmel. (1790) n.p. pantherina, Dill. (1817). 



T. arctica, Pult. (1799) n.p. europcea, Montg. (1808). 



„ californiana. Gray (1827) n.p. californica, Sow. (1832 as of Gray). 



But he, again, left names for later writers to change. 



