WATSON : ANATOMY OF OOHTHEPHILA. 289 



it occurs in all of the three specimens in which these muscles were 

 examined ; moreover, it is also found in other Helicid genera, such 

 as Helicella. 



The penial retractor arises from the diaphragm, or floor of the 

 mantle-cavity, towards its anterior end, and is attached to the 

 epiphallus about -5 mm. behind the penis. 



The Reproductive Organs are shown in Fig. 5 on Plate VI. The 

 hermaphrodite gland or ovotestis is deeply embedded in the posterior 

 division of the liver, and, being unpigmented, its exact form is 

 difficult to make out. The hermaphrodite duct is very slender for 

 at least half of its length, but a little in front of the middle it is slightly 

 swollen and convoluted, though less so than in many other snails. 

 It bends abruptly backwards on entering the albumen gland, and 

 forms a very rudimentary vesicula seminalis. The albumen gland is 

 large and elongated, its hinder part being concave on the inner side 

 where it lies against the stomach. The spermoviduct or common 

 duct is divisible, as usual, into the female side, with glandular, semi- 

 translucent, transversely folded walls, and the male side, covered 

 by the long and rather narrow, opaque- white prostate gland. 



The free oviduct is rather narrow and not very long. The 

 receptaculum seminis or spermatheca is an oval sac which lies close 

 to the female side of the spermoviduct not far from the middle of its 

 length. It sometimes contains an irregular hard brown mass. 

 The receptacular duct is of moderate length, and is without any 

 diverticulum. The free oviduct and the receptacular duct open 

 together into a broad vagina. From the posterior end of the lower 

 surface of the vagina three small finger-shaped processes arise close 

 together. These processes measure about "1 mm. in diameter, and 

 vary in length ; the longest, however, does not exceed 1 mm. in 

 length, while the shortest of the three is usually less than half the 

 length of the others. They are hollow, and are lined by a rather 

 thick epithelium of tall and narrow columnar cells, with elongated 

 basal nuclei. Outside of this epitheliunr there is a layer of circular 

 muscle-fibres, but no glandular tissue seems to be present, although 

 there can be no doubt that these processes are homologous with the 

 so-called mucous glands found in so many of the Helicidse. In 

 front of them, on the outer side of the vagina towards its posterior 

 end, there is a conspicuous hemispherical swelling, which is doubtless 

 a degenerate dart-sac. It contains no dart, and the structure of its 

 walls is not unlike that of the posterior part of the vagina itself, 

 being lined by an epithelium of narrow columnar cells, with unusually 

 long and narrow nuclei. 



The vas deferens, after separating from the spermoviduct, runs 

 forwards beside the female duct nearly to the genital atrium, and 

 then bends round and passes backwards for about 3'5 mm. Lastly 

 it bends forwards again, and enters the epiphallus, enlarging as it 

 does so. The epiphallus is about 2 mm. in length by -35 mm. in 



