KENNAED & WOODWARD : ON THE CLAUSILIID^. 299 



p. 436, pi. vi, fig. 17) being an indeterminable species, his name, 

 wMcli has been apphed to our British shell, must be abandoned.^ 

 Pulteney's " Catalogues ", which were to have formed part of vol. iii 

 of Hutchins' History of Dorset, were never really published : the 

 whole stock was burnt in a fire at the printers in 1808 (Rackett 

 MS.). Pulteney, however, who died in 1801, had circulated some 

 copies under a separate title page in 1799 " for the use of the com- 

 piler and his friends ", and so the work became cited in literature. 

 No plates accompanied this issue, and the name Turbo nigricans 

 does not appear in its pages. On p. 46, however, there is a record 

 of Turbo bidens ; this, as Maton and Rackett show {Trans. Linn. 

 Soc, viii, 1807, pp. 178-9), was the well-known continental species 

 of that name and not a British shell, as abundantly proved by their 

 figure (op. cit., pi. v, fig. 3) taken from a specimen in Pulteney's 

 collection, at that time in the possession of the Linnean Society. 



Montagu, meantime, in 1803 {Test. Brit., p. 357) had adopted the 

 same name as Pulteney, whom he quotes, but figured (pi. xi, fig. 7) 

 the familiar British shell. He mentions at the same time (p. 358) 

 that the species he meant had been called by Dr. Solander, in the 

 Portland Cabinet, Turbo nigricans. After the publication of Maton 

 and Rackett's memoir he admitted the error {Test. Brit. Suppt., 

 p. 130) and adopted the trivial name of nigricans. 



Maton and Rackett in their work cited above (p. 180) adopted 

 Solander's name of nigricans for this species, and since this was 

 the first published use of that name it must be attributed to them 

 and date from 1807, as pointed out by Jeffreys {Ann. & Mag. 

 Nat. Hist., ser. v, vol. ii, 1878, p. 381). In their synonymy they 

 quote " Pulteney in Hutch. Dorset, p. 46, t. 19, fig. 10 ", and this 

 is the reference that has misled so many who have not consulted 

 the original work. • The " p. 46 " must have been a lapsus calami, 

 for, as we have seen, the name does not occur there, only Turbo 

 bidens as correctly cited by Maton and Rackett themselves (p. 178) ; 

 whilst the plate reference, as throughout their memoir, is to the 

 second edition of Pulteney's " Catalogues ", which Rackett had then 

 in hand, but which was not issued until' 1813, and there the descrip- 

 tion of the shell appears on p. 51. 



Our shell proved subsequently to be identical with Draparnaud's 

 Pu]m rugosa of 1801, afterwards Clausilia rugosa of 1805 ; hence 

 Draparnaud's name has priority and the correct synonymy, omitting 

 earher authors who had not fully discriminated it, will be : — 



^ The name appears to have been adopted in British lists because in the 

 late Dr. 0. Boettger's " Syst. Verzeichn. d. lebenden Arten d. Landsehnecken- 

 Gattung Clausilia" (17. cfc 18. Ber. Offenbach. Ver. Naturk., p. 71) it occurs 

 in the synonymy of CI. rugosa marked with an asterisk, implying that types 

 had been seen ])y the author. In reply, however, to one of us [A. S. K.] some 

 years ago Dr. Boettger wrote that the asterisk in question was a printer's 

 error, and that he had never seen types of that species. 



