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ON COLLOID CHEMISTRY AND ITS INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS. 85 
and H. Bunzyl, took out patents for the preparation and application of such 
double alginates for waterproofing purposes (Eng. Pats. 25,187 and 
25,537, 1905). 
Preparation of a size for raw silk consisting of Japanese isinglass, 
elatin, alum, spermaceti, and glycerine (J. F. Girard, Eng. Pat. 
8,402, 1885). 
Preparation of Irish moss for sizing paper (C. Morfitt, Eng. Pat. 
8,148, 1886). 
Preparation of mucilage or size (G. Laurean, Eng. Pat. 6,988, 1894), 
removing the saline ingredients preliminary to treatment with alkali; also 
§. Pitt (Laurean, Son & Co.), Eng. Pat. 28,356, 1898. 
A solution of kelp is fixed with an alumina or other metallic salt for 
waterproofing purposes (Laurance & Co., Eng. Pat., 20,356, 1898). 
Mixtures of starch and seaweed are used (M. Cerf, Fr. Pat. 317,942, 
1902). A. Krefting (Eng. Pat. 7,913, 1903) precipitates the jelly as ‘ tan- 
gate ° of lime and mixes the product with carbonate of soda. P. Jensen 
(Eng. Pat. 11,625, 1903) claims the use of agar, after treating with citric 
acid and filtration, for films for photographic purposes. W. F. Cooper (Eng. 
Pat. 2,156, 1907) also claims the use of agar for the same purpose. W. F. 
Cooper and W. H. Nuttall (‘ Phot. Jour.’ 1908, 48, 11-25) state that agar 
has certain advantages over gelatine for photographic purposes, it sets at a 
higher temperature, the viscosity is eight times greater; 1 per ‘cent. 
solutions can be employed which enables thinner films to be obtained. 
Preparation of mucilages (J. H. Laurean, Eng. Pat. 5,169, 1906, and 
F. F. Figgis, Eng. Pat. 22,247, 1906). 
H. Bruhn and C. Timpke (Fr. Pat. 381,323, 1907) propose seaweed 
jelly as a size for use in paints. 
Chem. Fabrik, Griiman, Landshoff und Meyer, A. G. and R. May (Ger. 
Pat. 240,832, 1911) claim the preparation of ‘ Norgine’ insoluble in water 
and alkalies, formed by action of formaldehyde, also use of ‘ Norgine’ as a 
protective colloid (Ger. Pat. 248,526,1911). M. P. Gloess (Fr. Pat. 445,771, 
1912) proposes to use sodium peroxide in preparing gums from seaweeds. 
T. Ingham (Eng. Pat. 13,777, 1913) employs double alginates of 
alkali and heavy metal as sizing and dressing materials. 
H. Hastaden (‘ Farber Zeitung,’ 1909, 20, 107-109) describes the use of 
carrageen moss in finishing. 
Albuminous Substances. 
The group of albuminous compounds have a similar percentage com- 
position, containing a high percentage of nitrogen, but differ very con- 
siderably in their properties. They are all typical colloids, and several are 
exceedingly useful for technical purposes. 
Albumin. a 
Albumin is not only valuable as a food product, but it is employed in 
calico-printing, leather-dressing, bookbinding, for clarifying liquids, &e. 
_ Itis derived either from white of egg or from blood serum after purification 
with animal charcoal. Both forms are met with in commerce in the form of 
seales. Egg albumin is pale yellow and is used for fine purposes; blood 
albumin is red or brown and has an odour of meat. The latter can be 
distinguished aiso by containing an oxidase. 
