ENGINEERING PROBLEMS. 113 
geologist. The recurrence of similar types of sandstone, mudstone, 
and shale makes lithological distinction between the two lower zones 
impossible, but their demarcation is being carried out; at present their 
distribution is only known in a general way in the Cape and a part of 
the O.F.S. and Natal. The coal-bearing Karroo beds of the Transvaal 
of Ecca or Beaufort age cannot yet be correlated more closely with any 
horizons in the Cape. 
The plants of the Upper Beaufort beds include genera which are not 
yet known above or below, as well as species which occur in the over- 
lying Molteno beds, and the genera Schizoneura and Glossopteris, which 
have great vertical distribution. These plants have been collected in 
a few localities only. 
The Stormberg Series. 
The Stormberg series is generally considered to begin at a certain 
horizon which is convenient for mapping, and above which the reptilian 
genera found in the Upper Beaufort beds do not occur. The character- 
istic plants of the lowest group (Molteno beds) of this series are known 
from the Cape, Orange Free State, and Natal only, and in Natal they 
are accompanied, according to recent observations of Dr. Du Toit, by 
the long-lived genus Glossopteris. The sub-divisions of the Stormberg 
series into Molteno beds, Red beds, Cave Sandstone, and the Drakens- 
berg or Volcanic beds depend on lithological characters which are 
remarkably persistent, but the Dinosaurian genera found in the Red 
beds and Cave Sandstone of the Cape have representatives further north 
in areas where the Molteno beds have not vet been identified. 
The following table gives a possible correlation with systems adopted 
in Europe. The position of the Rhetic horizon has been shifted up- 
wards in consequence of a recent examination of the question by 
Dr. Du Toit and Mr. S. H. Haughton: 
Cave Sandstone. . .  . Rhetic. 
Red beds ARE AT ac eacar oy Syste 
Molteno beds (Garth dem) oc: Up pee In — 
Upper Beaufort beds... ea ane 
Media Beaufort beds "| Lower 
Lower Beaufort beds. .  . ) Upper } : 
Ecca beds b Bek Oe ee ; Permian. 
Dwyka (Upper shales and Tillite) Upper Carboniferous (Uralian). 
Notes on the Nomenclature of the Carboniferous, Permo-Carboniferous, 
and Permian Rocks of the Southern Hemisphere. By D. M. S. 
Watson, M.Sc., Lecturer on Vertebrate Paleontology, University 
College, London. 
These notes are written mainly from the standpoint of South African 
stratigraphy, and deal with points raised by the views of the Australian 
members of the Committee. 
(A.) Question 4.—Judging from the evidence which exists to show 
that the Northern and Southern Pleistocene glaciations are approxi- 
oe . at any rate, contemporaneous, it seems certain that the Dwyka 
1917, 1 
