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CONTENTS. 



Letter of transmittal xiii 



Chapter I. — Introduction 1 



Chapter II. — Fundamental facts of surface geology as illustrated in Maine 5 



Surface features of Maine 5 



Nature of the rocks of Maine 6 



Condition of rock in place 7 



Weathering 8 



Transportation and the drift agencies 10 



Transportation by landslip and soil-cap movement 10 



Transportation by wind 11 



Transportation by running water 13 



Sedimentation 15 



Transportation and erosion by springs and subterranean streams 18 



Transportation by glaciers 20 



Transportation by floating Ice 21 



Shapes of drift fragments 22 



Chapter III. — Preliminary description of the superficial deposits of Maine 27 



Preglacial deposits 27 



Glacial deposits 29 



The till - 29 



Distribution of the till 31 



The upper and lower till 33 



Sediments transported by glacial streams 34 



Marine deposits and geological work of the sea 41 



Beach and cove gravels 41 



Fossils in the raised beaches 53 



Sands and clays 54 



The lower clays — deltas deposited by glacial streams 55 



The upper clays — deltas deposited by ordinary rivers 56 



Summary 58 



Valley drift 58 



Eiver terraces 61 



Recent erosion of the valley alluvium and of the glacial sands and gravels 63 



Origin of the higher river terraces of the valley drift 67 



Summary 68 



Chapter IV. — General description of the systems of glacial gravels 70 



Vanceboro system 70 



Dyer Plantation system 72 



Baring-Pembroke system 73 



Houlton-Dennysville system 73 



New Limerick-Amity branch ... , 80 



Smyrna-Danforth branch 80 



Island Falls branch 84 



Local kames in Marion 85 



East Machias system 85 



Craivford system 86 



Wilderness region north of Columbia, Columbia Falls, and Jonesboro 88 



Wesley-Northfield system 90 



Topsfield-Old Stream system 90 



Grand Lake osar 92 



Farm Cove gravels 92 



C 



