HOULTOIf-DENNYSVILLE SYSTEM. 75 



througli Hodgdon, following the south branch of the Meduxnikeag River. 

 In Gary Plantation the system turns southeastward, crosses to the east of 

 the Calais-Houlton road, and continues southward for several miles in a 

 valley nearly parallel with tliat road. In this part of its course it crosses 

 a divide at least 75 feet above Carys Mills, and for several miles in Hodg- 

 don it consists of a series of low bars sej)arated by short gajDS, in part due 

 to erosion. Near the north line of Orient the New Limerick branch unites 

 with this series to form quite a large and broad ridge, which is continuous 

 till it extends as a long sloping point out into the north end of Grand 

 (St. Croix) Lake. The Calais-Houlton road is built for several miles on 

 the top of this ridge. Excavations show much sand and gravel, with some 

 coarser matter, rounded cobbles, bowlderets, and even a few water-polished 

 bowlders. In several places the lines of stratification were observed to dip 

 quite steeply toward the south. According; to the testimony of numerous 

 lumbermen and others, a two-sided ridge of gravel extends for long distances 

 on the bottom of Grand Lake. In warping rafts of logs down the lake, the 

 lumbermen are liable to drop anchor in the yielding gravel; they are then 

 obliged to take i;p the anchor and drop it in the deeper water on each side 

 of the ridge, where they report finding a firm "clay bottom." It is uncer- 

 tain whether this is sedimentary clay or till. The osar appears on the land 

 at several of the capes of Grand Lake, and disappears beneath the water 

 while crossing the intervening bays. Thus at Birch Point, Weston, the 

 osar runs out as a long bar for a considerable distance into the lake ; and, 

 according to report, the small islands, "Billy and Ann," are composed of 

 rounded gravel. If so, they are parts of the osar which rise above the lake. 

 The outlet of Grand Lake is from the eastern side, about 5 miles from 

 the south end of the lake. The 23ortion of the lake south of the outlet is 

 called the "Arm of Grand Lake," and is inclosed between two north-and- 

 soutli ranges of hills. Going south we find these hills approaching each 

 other, so that at the south end of the arm they are separated by a narrow 

 V-shaped valley, whose sides rise steejDly upward several hundred feet. 

 One of these hills is called Spruce Mountain. The osar gravel is found for 

 several miles along the west side of the Arm of the Lake. At the south 

 end of the lake it forms a distinct two-sided ridge, which has been exca- 

 vated for road gravel. It is thus revealed that near the axis of the ridge 

 finely stratified sand and gravel dips 21 degrees in a nearly south direction, 



