SEBOOIS-KINGMAN-COLUMBIA SYSTEM. 97 



found in the upper part of the valley is that plain near the stream having 

 the form of a sheet of valley drift extending across the whole of the valle}'. 

 From these considerations and the very round shape of the stones it appears 

 that the gravel along the Molunkus for several miles south of Sherman is 

 an osar-plain and not ordinary valley drift. The gravel follows the 

 Molunkus through Sherman, Benedicta, and Golden Ridge. Approaching 

 Macwahoc, it takes the form of two-sided reticulated ridges inclosing 

 iseveral kettleholes. The ridges here are higher and steeper than they are 

 farther north, and are composed largely of pebbles, cobbles, and bowlder- 

 ets. The Molunkus Stream empties into the Mattawamkeag River a short 

 distance west of Kingman. For 12 miles north of its mouth the Molunkus 

 flows with a very sluggish cui-rent, and in time of flood overflows its broad 

 alluvial plain of silty sand and clay. The reticulated ridges at Macwahoc 

 were deposited at the foot of the steeper slope of the valley. From near 

 the north line of Macwahoc to Kingman the gravel is found on the east 

 side of the Molunkus and at a distance of from one-eighth to near one-half 

 a mile from it. The lateral slopes of the valley are gently inclined toward 

 the west, and the gravel is seldom found more than 30 feet above the 

 river. In respect to its material and stratification, this plain, situated on 

 1;he side of the hills above the river, is exactly like the low plain of gravel 

 which fills the bottom of the valley farther to the north and which has the 

 external form of a plain of valley drift. But the plain or terrace on the 

 side of the hill above the river is plainly of glacial origin, and this shows 

 the origin of the plain in the bottom of the valley farther north. They 

 differ in no respect except situation with respect to the river. 



South of Macwahoc the gravel becomes finer, and then comes an inter- 

 esting study. For 2 miles north of Kingman we find a north-and-south 

 line of ridges of fine sand. The large alluvial plain of the Molunkus lying 

 to the west could have furnished sand which the west winds might drift up 

 the hill. The question arises, Are these ridges and terraces of sand really 

 the osar or are they blown sand 1 I have seen great numbers of sand dunes 

 in various parts of the State, but never any north-and-south ridges showing 

 such steep lateral slopes as these or forming a naiTow and nearly continuous 

 ridge for 2 or more miles. I therefore conclude that this sand is the osar. 

 The ridge is well developed at the cemetery in the northwestern part of 

 Kingman Village, where the railroad has cut tlu'ough it to a depth of about 



MON XXXIV 7 



