196 JOUHNAL, BOMBAY NATURAL HIST. SOCIETY, Vol. XXVII. 



Adult Female.— Ahove similar to the male, but paler and duller ; 

 the black and white cheeks and supercilia are replaced by dull, 

 pale buff ; the ear-coverts are brown or bu% brown, and the 

 cheeks are more or less speckled with dark brown. The chestnut 

 collar is replaced by a duller chestnut nuchal patch, sometimes 

 freckled or slightly barred with brown. Eump, upper tail-coverts 

 and central tail feathers dull pale brown, with narrow wavy bars 

 of pale buff edged with black ; outer tail feathers as in the male. 



Below, chin, throat and foreneck white or buffy-white ; breast 

 and flanks white or pale buff, sometimes with a ruf escent tinge, with 

 wavy arrow-shaped bars of black, narrowest on the neck and upper 

 breast, and gradually becoming broader on the posterior flanks and 

 lower breast, but again fewer and more narrow on the abdomen 

 where they occasionally disappear altogether. Ventral region pale 

 dull chestnut, sometimes with faint brown bars and sometimes with 

 whitish tips, under tail-coverts chestnut. 



Colours of Soft Parts. — As in the male, but the legs never become 

 a bright brick-red or orange-red as do those of the male in the breed- 

 ing season. The bill is paler, more a horny-brown, than black, and 

 the base and gonys is paler still. 



Measurements. — Length about 12 inches (300 mm.) or rather 

 more ; wing from 138 (one specimen, Gurgaon) and 144 to 167 mm. ; 

 average 149 "9 mm. Tarsus and bill a little smaller than in the 

 male, and the former only very rarely with a spur, though there is 

 often a tiny knot to indicate the place where it should grow. 



"Weight 8 to 17-ozs." (Hume). 



Young Males are like richly-coloured females, but with dark,, 

 almost black supercilia and white cheeks, the rufous nuchal patch is. 

 darker and more pronounced and the breast is black, though the 

 two white spots take up practically the whole visible portion of 

 each feather. 



The black throat and foreneck is soon assumed, but the chin 

 remains white for some time longer. 



Chick in first Plumage is a peculiarly lark-like little bird, pale: 

 rufous buff everywhere with broad dark brown bars and spots. 

 Below the buff is paler, almost albescent, and the spots are 

 smaller. 



Chick in Down.— YLesid bright rufous with darker crown and 

 with paler supercilia and cheeks and dark line through the eyes,. 

 above brown with a very pale buff streak on either side of the 

 back and rump ; chin whitish, neck and throat fulvous-white, and 

 rest of body below dull earthy white. 



At a slightly older stage when the wing quills grow, the brown of 

 the crown seems to become more defined and darker as well aa 

 greater in extent. 



