THE COMMON BUTTERFLIES OF THE PLAINS OF INDIA. 213 



are of great importance as indicating groups or subfamilies but are 

 of little use as generic characters. All butterflies possessing a costal 

 fold belong to his own Hesjjeriince, all possessing a discal stigma to 

 his Pampkilmcp. The PyrrhopygmcB, on the other hand, have no 

 secondary male characters of either description on the fore wing, 

 and are confined altogether to the New World. 



The characters of the three subfamilies are enumerated in the 

 following key : — 



Fore wing with vein 5 usually nearer to 4 than to 6 ; 

 with cell invariably more than two-thirds the length of 

 costa ; withou^t costal fold or discal stigma. Antennae 

 with club thick, ending in a blunt point usually more or 

 less bent into a hook. Wings held horizontal when at 

 rest . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Pyrrhopygince. 



Fore wing with vein 5 nearly always nearer to 6 than 

 to 4 ; cell rarely more than two -thirds the length of 

 costa ; costal fold sometimes present. Antennae rarely 

 blunt, nearly always ending in a fine point. Wings nearly 

 always held horizontal in repose . . . . . . . . Hesperiince, 



Section A. — Fore wing with vein 5 slightly nearer either to 4 or to 6, never 

 conspicuously close to either ; cell always more than two-thirds the length of 

 costa. Hind wing with vein 5 never fully developed except in a few Old World 

 genera. Antennae usually bent into a hook, sometimes sickle-shaped, always 

 ending in a fine point. Third joint of palpi never curving over vertex of head. 

 Wings at rest held horizontal or erect over back 



Section B. — Fore wing with vein 5 nearer to 6 than to 4 ; cell less than 

 two-thirds the length of costa. Hind wing with vein 5 never fully developed. 

 Antennae seldom hooked, sometimes bluntly pointed. Third joint of palpi never 

 curvmg over head. 



Fore wing with vein 5 nearer to 4 than to 6 ; cell almost 

 always less than two-thirds the length of costa ; males 

 never with a costal fold but sometimes with discal stigma. 

 Hind wing with vein 5 well developed or not. Antennae 

 almost invariably ending in a fine point. Palpi with the 

 end joint long or short, directed variously, sometimes 

 curving over the head-vertex. The wings are always held 

 closed perpendicularly over the back in complete repose . . Pamphilince. 



Section A. — Fore wing with, except in some aberrant Australian forms, vein 

 5 sHghtly nearer to 4 than to 6 ; cell always less than two-thirds the length of 

 costa ; no costal fold and rarely a discal stigma. Hind wing with vein 5 never 

 well developed. Antennae various, never much hooked, usually sharply pointed- 

 Palpus with third joint usually inconspicuous, rarely long and slender v/hen it is 

 always erect and never horizontal. Wings held erect in repose. 



Section B. — Fore wing with vein 5 much nearer 4 than 6 ; cell less than two- 

 thirds costa ; no costal fold but often a discal stigma. Hind Aving with vein 5 

 rarely developed. Antennae never hooked, the club s-ometimes without crook, 

 some tunes with. Palpi in a few genera with the third joint curving over vertex, 

 long and slender ; in most it is minute. The butterflies, when basking, depress 

 the hind wings and elevate the fore wings, " an attitude p3cuhar to this section " 

 ( Watscn). 



Section C. — Fore wing with vein 5 equidistant between 4 and 6 or nearer 6 ; 

 cell from half to just over two-thirds t'le length of costa ; no costal fold but with 

 various other sexual male marks on wings and legs. Hiad wing with vein 5 

 usually well developed, Antennse with the club of varying stoutness, always 



