THE COMMON BUTTERFLIES OF THE PLAINS 01 INDIA. 215 



vein 6, the middle discocellular being, therefore, only slightly longer than 

 the lower one. 



Section II. — Palpi various but never as in Section III. Vein 5 of fore wing 

 deflected at origin and consequently arising much nearer to vein 4 than to vein 

 6, the middle discocellular being, therefore, much longer than the lower one. 



Section III. — Palpi with th,e third joint long, slender and naked, porrected 

 horizontally in front of the face. Species robust. Habits often crepuscular. 



Watson then gives keys for all the Asiatic genera of Skippers consisting of the 

 following genera under the different sections : — • 



of which those with an asterisk are not Indian : 20 genera with some 87 species. 

 Section III. — Ismene, Hasora, Rhopalocampta, 



Bibasis, Badamia, 



all 5 represented in India by some 23 species. 



He gives the affinities and ranges of the different sections stating that, in 

 Section I, " Pamphila and Heteropterus are closely allied to one another and also, 

 apparently, to Hesperia and the closing genera of the preceding subfamily, i.e., 

 Thanaos, Oomalia and Car char odus.'' Of Section II he says that the arrangement 

 of the genera appears to be fairly natural and that it connects satisfactorily 

 with the preceding section ; that Kerana to Eetion appear to be closely aUied 

 and to show relationships with Erionota, Sancus, Koruthaialos and Astictopterus 

 of Section I ; " PitJiauria is rather out of place, but appears to be close to Hidari 

 and is probably a near ally of Baoris ; Notocrypta and Udaspes are certainly 

 closely related to each other but show no particular affinity to any other genera. 

 Actinor, Gehenna, Cupiilm and Onryza appear to be allied to Halpe which is 

 itself close to Iton and Baoris ; Padraona and Telicota are hardly generically 

 distinct and are certainly close to Augiades, Erynnis and Adopcea ; while Gegenes 

 appears to be allied to both Baoris and Erynnis:' On the affinities of Section 

 III he remarks that it is a well-marked group of closely-aUied genera showing no 

 near relationship with any others of the family ; but that the habits and general 

 Jades agree best with the Pamphilince ; adding, however, that their neuration 

 appears to have more resemblance to that found in the sub-family H&spenm^ ; 

 and suggests that they might with advantage be treated as a distinct subfamily. 



It might be of interest to repeat here what Watson says about the ranges of 

 the different groups. The last or third section, the Ismeneince (to make a 



