830 JOVMNAL, BOMBAY NATURAL HIST. SOCIETY, Vol 



forehead, in Paraechinus a groove without quills runs from the centre 

 of the forehead towards the crown. A key and description can be found 

 in Summary of the Indian Mammal Survey. Wroughton, pt. ii., J. B. N. 

 H. S., 1918, Vol. XXVI, p. 31. 



Trouessart gives the distribution of H. auritvs as S. E. Europe, Caspian 

 and S. Siberia. 



12. Pakaeohinus ltjdlowi, Thos. 



1919. Paraechinus ludlowi, Thomas, J. B, N. H. S., Vol. XXVI., No. 3. 

 p. 748. • 



Ludlow's Hedge-hog. 



IcJ Type Hit. Euphrates, Ludlow, 8-8-18. 



The type is the only specimen seen. Ludlow remarks that it was on 

 stony desert soil at 400 ft. altitude. He also says that he found this 

 within 20 yards of the Euphrates and that the preceding genus H. auritus 

 was plentiful at Hit. 



.^Besides the generic difference, this hedge-hog can be distinguished from 

 H. auritus by the colour of the quills which are almost white on the sides 

 of the animal, with a broad row of brown quills running down the centre 

 of the back. Most of the hair is white — the tail, feet and nose being brown — 

 with brown streaks running up the forehead. It also appears to attain 

 a larger size. 



Mr. Oldfield Thomas has named this after Capt. F. Ludlow. 



13. Felis chaus, Guld. 



1776. Felis chaus, Guldenstadt, Nov. Com. Ac. Petrop XX, p. 483. 



Jungle Cat. Arabic " Bizoon." 



1 2 Amara Buxton, 2-12-17. 



1$ Qualet Saleh Webster, Jan. 1911. 



1 $ „ „ Buxton, 23-2-18. 



1 Mesopotamia Perrian, Jan. 1917. 



1 d Madij Ludlow, 15-2-18. 



1 Shahroban Mackie, July 1917. 



1 $ Shahroban Indian Museum (Connor), Dec. 1918. 



This is the cat frequently met with on the Tigris among the scrub- 

 jungles by the river. It grows to such a size that it is easy to mistake it 

 for the jackal at a short distance. Its black ear tufts, yellow tinge of 

 colouring and short tail have led in many instances to the reports of 

 caracals and even lynxes being seen or shot on the Tigris and Euphrates 

 during the war. 



So far the only authentic record of the caracal in this neighbourhood, is 

 the specimen obtained by Loftus at Dizful, which I have examined. 



The uniform brick-red colour and absence of black or brown markings 

 would distinguish this caracal at a long distance from F. chaus. 



These specimens vary considerably. Buxton's from Amara has the 

 under-parts white and is a brightly coloured cat, while his and Webster's 

 from Qualet Saleh, although from much the same locality, are less highly 

 coloured, with buff belly. De Winton dealt with the sub-species of this 

 cat in 1898 (A. M. N. H. 7 ii, p. 291) but I have been unable to determine 

 to which sub-species these belong. Buxton's Amara specimen, skin and 

 skull, can be duplicated from the series of Felis c. affinis from India, col- 

 lected by the Indian Mammal Survey, while the Qualet Saleh skins appro- 

 ximate to the British Museum series of F. chaus nilotica irom. Egypt and are 

 also very similar to some among the F. c. affinis series. Major St. John 



