SFECIES OF THE GENUS MYCALESIS i^ INDIA. 355 



features have been dealt with by other authors and the only point that I wish 

 to draw attention to is the correlation between certain of the secondary sexual 



A— Forewing below a nacreous patch of variable size above the dorsum 

 usuaUy contauung an oval cavity lying along vein 1 filled with androconia • this 

 feature is correlated with an almost exactly similar one on the upperside of the 

 hindwing, situated above vein 7 at its origm ; over the androconial patch on the 

 hindwmg there is an erectile tuft of fine, long, hairs sprmging from ^vithin the 

 cell. The actual androconial patches or brands may be missing in certain 

 species, but the nacreous areas on both wings and the hair pencil on the hind- 

 wing are present in all species of the genus. 



B— Forewing above an elongated cavity along the middle of vein 1 filled with 

 androconia and covered by a hair pencil springmg from nearer the base; this 

 pencil is moveable in the plane of the -ning, but is not erectile ; it is usually 

 tucked into a narrow slit along the centre of the androconial patch ; on the 

 underside of the forewing the patch appears as a raised lump. Correlated with 

 this feature are certain distortions and swelUngs of the vems of the hindwing. 

 This character is present in a greater or less extent in Moore's genera Virapa, 

 Samundra, Gareris, Sadarga and Sicralaya. 



C — A few species have developed additional features, which are referred to in 

 the key. 



4. The Calysisme group is dealt with in the next paragraph ; the following 

 notes deal with the remaining groups : — 



(a) anaxias was described by Hewitson from South India. Fruhstorfer 

 gives cemate as the race from Burma, stating that it differs from the Sikkim 

 form in being larger, having the outer margins broadly paler and in that the pre- 

 apical band is yellow rather than white ; I have only one male of anaxias from 

 Burma (Tavoy), which has the band slighly yellower and wider, but a more exten- 

 sive material might perhaps justify the name cemate. South Indian specimens 

 diflPer, however, constantly from specimens from X. E. India in that the brand 

 on the upperside of the hindwing is black instead of white ; above the white 

 band is broader in the male, while below this band is sharply defined outwardly 

 by an apical brown area and not diffused into a pale yellow apical area, as is the 

 case with the Northern dry season form. I therefore propose the name miranda 

 for the anaxias race flying from Sikkim to Manipur. I have no specimens of an 

 anaxias form from the Xicobars, but I would like to point out that the descrip- 

 tions given by Doherty and Bingham of manii differ so greatly that they hardly 

 seem to refer to the same insect. 



(6) sanatatm is considered by Fruhstorfer to be a race of the Chinese francis- 

 ca. Specimens from S. Burma have the hindwing prolonged and are paler ; 

 they are probably what Fruhstorfer calls gomia, but his description and locality 

 for this race are very obscure. I consider Tytler's albofasciata to be a high 

 elevation race of sanatana ; it is closely allied to Leech's magna from S. China. 



(c) nudgara is given by Fruhstorfer as the Tenasserim race of nicotia ; I have 

 no specimens to enable me to confirm the differences he mentions. 



{d) The malsara group has been cleared up by General Tytler in B. N. H. S. 

 XXIII, 226, but I think that my loatsoni should be sunk to Cramer's mamerla, 

 if Fruhstorfer's figure in the Macro-Lepidoptera is correct. In Tenasserim. as 

 seems to occur with other species of this genus, the forewing is prolonged at the 

 apex and the hindwing at the tornus, while the outer margin is scalloped ; the 

 shape agrees -with what Fruhstorfer calls annamitica but the secondary sexual 

 characters are not so highly developed; it might stand as annamitica, for the 

 present. 



(e) perna, surkha and 7iauti!us are considered to be the Indian races of the 

 Malayan mnasides, oroatis and orseis ; charaka is a race of the Chinese gotama. 



