420 JOURNAL, BOMBAY NATURAL HIST. SOCIETY, Vol. XXVIl, 



FrancoUnus madagascariensis. — Hartl, Orn. Beitr. F. Madag., p. 280 (1861) 

 (Madagascar) ; Newton, Ibis, 1861, p. 274 (Mauritius). 



FrancoUnus pictus. — Schom. (nee. Jard, & Sel,), Ibis, 1864, p. 263 (Siam). 



FrancoUnus chinensis. — Gray, Hand-L. B. II., p. 266 (1870) (China) ; Hume, 

 N. & E. Ind. B., p. 539 (1873) ; id., Str. Feath. III., p. 171 (1875) (Upper Pegu) ; 

 David and Ous., Ois. Chine, p. 400 (1877) (Cochin, China, S. China, Hainan) ; 

 Hume, Str. Feath., VI., p. 443 (1878) (Karen -nee) ; Hume and Marsh, Game- 

 B. II., p. 27 (1879) ; Gates, B. of B. B. II., p. 323 (1883) ; Ogilvie-Grant, Ibis, 

 1892, p. 39; id., Cat. B.M., XXII, p. 137 (1893); id., Man. Game— B. I., p. 107, 

 1893) ; Gates, J. B. N. H. S., X., p. 112 (1895) (Ruby Mines) ; Rippon, Ibis, 

 1896, « p. 361 (Shan States) ; Gates, Man. Game-B. I. p. 164 (1898) ; Blyth, 

 Fauna B. I. Aves, IV., p. 139 (1898) ; La Touche, Ibis, 1900, p. 50 (Fokien) , 

 Ogilvie-Grant, P. Z. S., 1900, p. 503 (Hainan) ; id., Ibis, 1900, p. 605 (Yunnan) , 

 Davies, ibid, 1901, p. 410 (Yunnan) ; Rip., Ibis, 1901, p. 537 (S. Shan States) ; 

 Gates, Cat. Eggs B. M. 1„ p. 37 (1901) ; Kershaw, Ibis, 1904, p. 244 (Quantung, 

 China) ; La Touche & Rick., ibid, 1905, p. 59 (Fokien) ; Macdonald, J. B. N. H. S. 

 XVII, p. 496 (1906) (Mying Yan); Mears, ibid, XVIII., p. 87 (1907) (Chindwin); 

 Harington, ibid, XIX, p. 310 (1909) (Bhamo) ; id, B. of Burma, p. 121 (1909); 

 id, ibid, XX., p. 1011 (1911) (Maymyio) ; Venning, ibid, XXI., p. 632 (1912) 

 (Chin HiUs) ; Meinhert, Ibis, 1912, p. 97 (Mauritius) ; Cook, J. B. X. H. S., XXT., 

 p. 675 (1912) (Karen Hills) ; Ingram, Nov. Zool. XIX., p. 270 (1912) (Yunnan) ; 

 Cook, J. B. N. H. S. XXI I., p. 270 (1913) (Kalaw) ; Higgins, ibid, XXIIl., p. 

 368 (1914) (Manipur) ; Wilhamson, Jour. N. H. S., Siam, I., p. 47 (1914) (Bangkok); 

 Irwin, ibid, p. 120 (1914) ; Gairdner, ibid, I., p. 151 (1915) ; Gyldenstolpe, 

 ibid, p. 235 (1916) (N. Siam). 



VERNACULAR NAMES. — Kha (Burmese) ; Kabaw wrengbi (Manipur) 

 Chay-koo (Chinese) ; Nok-kahtah (Siamese). 



Description — Adult Ma^e.— Forehead, lores, feathers round tlie eye 

 and supercilium black ; ear-coverts, cheeks and below the lores 

 white; crown and nape fulvous buff, the central portion marked 

 with black in varying degree ; neck and back with longitudinal 

 white streaks gradually changing to oval white spots on upper back; 

 lower back, rump, upper tail-coverts and central tail feathers black 

 with narrow wavy white bars ; outermost tail-feathers blackish 

 brown with white bars on basal half of outer webs; scapulars and 

 shoulder-coverts chestnut with a varying amount of black, 

 and with bold white ocelli ; remaining coverts brown with white 

 ocelli; quills brown with white bars and innermost secondaries like 

 the scapulars. 



Below, moustachial streak black; chin, throat and foreneck white, 

 sometimes creamy white; neck and breast black, the feathers with 

 white ocelli on either web near the tips ; lower breast the same but 

 with the two spots merging into one,or merely divided by the black 

 shaft ; posterior flanks barred brownish black and white, the latter 

 sometimes being a pale fulvous ; centre of abdomen and vent fulvous 

 white or pale fulvous ; under tail-coverts rufous-buff. 



The range of variation in colour is great, but it seems to be in- 

 dividual and not geographical. Some birds have the whole plumage 

 much blacker and richer in tone than others from the same locality. 

 The amount of chestnut varies greatly in extent, but is always 



