614 JOURNAL, BOMBAY NATURAL HIST. SOCIETY, Fol. XXVIl. 



lay no claim to artistic effect, and are by no means accurate as to details and no 

 effort has been made to make them so, as it is impossible to pick out details when 

 a bird flies past, and if you do succeed with one individual, it is very possible 

 that the very next specimen of the same species you see, lacks that particular detail. 

 Take for instance Plate 1, Fig. 4. The conspicuous white moons are the signs 

 of yoimg plumage and lacking in the old bird which would resemble No. 11 in 

 the colour of wings. However, this is so very conspicuous a feature in the 

 young Golden Eagle that I have shown it, and again in the Buzzard. 



One gets the impression of lines, or spots or half moons, etc., but the exact 

 position in the wing is not very often obtained and may also be lacking, or further 

 intensified in other individuals of the same species, so no reliance can be placed 

 on them as shown in the illustrations. I may, however, be permitted to say that 

 the general effect is fairly good and the impressions conveyed should certainly 

 help the novice to pick out the particular species depicted, in the air, if only he 

 will bear in mind that these are only impressions and too great stress must not be 

 laid on the various markings as shown, and a httle atitude al owed for variations 

 in colour. Look at the j)late from some distance. 



Plate I. 



No. 1., lA., IB. Griffon Vulture. IB a young bird. Note the tail in 



each. (Wings broad, tail short.) 

 No. 2., 2A., 2B. A Kite. Note wings and tail. 



(Wings ample, tail long and forked.) 

 No. 3., 3A. The Lammergeyer (adult and young). 



(Wings long and rather narrow, tail long, wedge-shaped). 

 No. 4. A Golden Eagle (young plumage). 



(Wings long, tail long. Wings held very straight and 

 well upwards ; tertiaries meet body above root of tail and 

 form conspicuous triangle with it.) 

 No. 5. A Steppe Eagle. (Two parallel lines along wings) 



(Wings ample, tail medium ; wings not always very 

 straight ; held in the same plane as body ; tertiaries do 

 not make a prominent triangle with tail as in No. 4.) 

 No. 6. A Spizaeti. 



(Wings, short and broad ; tail long. Wings held well 

 upwards). 

 No. 7. A Buzzard. 



(Wings rather rounded, long ; tail medium to long ; 

 half moon in wings always present ; tail frequently 

 spread. ) 

 No. 8. A Falcon. 



(Wings long and pointed ; tail medium.) ■ 

 No. 9. A Hawk. 



(Wings short and rounded ; taU long.) 

 No. 10. A Black-winged Kite. 



(Wings long, pointed ; tail medium. From below 

 practically pure white with black tips to primaries only.) 

 No. 11. Pallas's Fishing Eagle. 



(Wings long and often bent j taU medium, half white 

 and half black ; head whitish. Remainder of plumage 

 practically jet black.) 



Plate II. 

 No. 1. The Cinereous Vulture. 



(Wings very broad, tail short ; colour uniform through" 

 out.) 



