790 JOURNAL, BOMBAY NATURAL HIST. SOCIETY, Vol. XXVII. 



circle thus freed on to the top, fastening it down all round and coating the inside 

 with a dense carpet of silk ; hole for ingress and egress next the hinge. Full- 

 grown larva turns over a triangular piece from the edge to midrib the hinge at 

 midrib, the short side formed by the leaf -edge, on to the top of the leaf, fastening 

 down all round, ingress and egress at hinge, inside densely carpeted, the cover 

 thus formed becoming convex with withering (as does the little egg-larva lid- 

 circle also) ; the larvte always lying on the lid, its back towards the leaf-surface 

 and it mostly eats the edges of the lid into a series of crenulations, sometimes 

 eating holes in the lid also .... Genera Celcenorrhinus, Tagiades, Odontoptihim, 

 Abaratha, Coladenia, Sarangesa (these last two often are found in shrivelled-up 

 dead leaves. 



Egg-larva makes a circular cell as in the last, turning over the lid thus formed 

 on to the top or underside of the leaf, li\'ing on the lid, coating with silk and 

 fastening down the edges : hinge on edge or further in. Later on, when more 

 grown makes a cell of an oblong piece formed from the edge, tightly fastening 

 it do%vn ; then, when full-grown, of a whole leaf where the leaf is small, or at any 

 rate not too large and makes a very strongly-closed cell, thickly lined inside; the 

 pupa is formed in such cell which often withers and may fall to the ground .... 

 Genera Hesperia, Gomalia. 



Egg-larva makes a cell at the point of the leaf by bringing the edges together, 

 cutting a line from the edge in to the midrib as a preliminary, the midrib being 

 the hinge from the cut line to the j^oint {Ismene fergtissoni, all species of 

 Hasora) ; or turns over a small triangular portion from edge inwards on to top 

 or bottom, the hinge being part of the leaf — a short line is eaten at right angles 

 to the edge for a small distance in towards the midrib — and the inside is lined 

 with silk, the edges fastened down lightly ; the full-grown larva turning over a 

 triangular portion from point backwards using the midrib as a hinge, eating a 

 line in from edge to midrib some way from the point [Ismene gomata and Bihasia) 

 or turns over a small, oblong piece on to the top of the leaf or on to the bottom 

 by cutting two parallel, short lines from edge at a suitable distance apart, 

 {Badamia, CiLpitha), the full-grown larva making a cell of a whole leaf which 

 often withers (often on another plant of any species) in the case of gomata, 

 in that of Cupitha of joart of a leaf by cutting a straight line across the middle 

 at right angles to the midrib, leaving the midrib intact, but gnawing it partly 

 through and strengthening it with silks, making the cell of the part thus made to 

 hang down by joining the edges and bending the whole piece back under the 

 rest of the leaf behind — this cell-part then withers and is strongly coated with 

 silk inside so as to be rather difficult to tear open, the egress being on the mid- 

 rib. . . .Genera Ismene, Hasora, Bibasis, Badamia, Cupitha. 



Egg-larva makes a cell at the tip of a leaf simply by joining the edges, strong, 

 coated inside mth silk ; after it is full-grown often joins the edges of the whole 

 leaf, living down towards the point and eating the midrib free from base down- 

 wards towards the point, the cylindrical or, rather, conical cell thus formed 

 hanging by the thin midrib. Some larvte (Halpe moorei, Ampittia dioscorides 

 in a lesser degree) double the distal part of a bamboo-leaf across at right angles, 

 making a cell bj^ fastening the distal part to the top of the basal portion, then 

 cutting the cell free so that it falls to the ground ; others stick to the cylin- 

 drical cell and pupate in it (Telicota, Padraona, Halpe hyrtacus, H. honorei, 

 Aeromachus, Taractrocera, Baoris, Oegenese ; others, again, make an oblong 

 cell to pupate in by cutting across the bamboo-leaf in the middle, at first cutting 

 off the whole distal portion so that it falls to the ground, then cutting across 

 further up, leaving the midrib, joining edges and ends, finally freeing the whole cell 

 thus formed which falls to the ground and is there further strengthened by 



web Genera Telicota, Padraona, Halpe, Ampittia, Taractrocera, Aeromachus, 



Baoris, Oegenes, Baracus. 



