858 JOURNAL, BOMBAY NATURAL HIST. SOCIETY,Vol. XXVI J. 



The Crested Lark was present and generally common at all the places we 

 visited in Persia, with the exception of the forests of Gilan and Mazandaran. 

 I once saw a small party at Resht, in January. It is tempting to suppose that 

 they were winter migrants of O. c. caucasica, Tacz, from Transcaucasia ; at any 

 rate I am sure that the Crested Lark is not a resident in the wet country round 

 Resht. Even in the windiest weather in mid-winter this bird can still be found 

 in the desert rotmd Qazvin. I found a nest with four eggs, the bird sitting at 

 Menjil on 31st March ; Cheesman noticed it " obviously breeding " at Hassana- 

 bad on 29th May. 



Alauda arvensis cinerascens, Ehmcke. — Eastern Skj^ Lark. 



1(5, Qasr-i-Shirin — 24th November 1918. 



1 J , Enzeli— 1st March. 



1 2 , Menjil— 7th April. 



1 2 , EnzeU— 15th October. 

 The Eastern Sky Lark was observed in November and December at many 

 places between Qasr-i-Shirin and Qazvin ; in the higher places, Hamadan and 

 Qazvin it is distinctly rare at this time of year. I never saw the species at 

 Resht or Enzeli in the winter, but on 1st March small parties appeared on the 

 shore at Enzeli and in mid-October they were again common at the same place. 

 The bird does not breed in the low country which borders the Caspian. I saw 

 numbers of pairs of Sky Larks at Menjil on 7th April, and they were certainly 

 breeding among the young wheat, but I did not find a nest. The female shot 

 had an enlarged ovary. 



EremopMla alpestris penicillata (Gould). 



Irf, 1$ Elburz Mountains, near Tehran, 16th June (R. E. C). 



One pair noticed among low plants on bare mountain side, 12,000 ft., organs 

 advanced, two half-developed eggs in ovary of females. These exceedingly 

 worn skins belong to E. a. penicillata (Caucasus and Asia Minor) and not to 

 E. a. albigula (E. Persia &c.); those in the British Museum collected by Woosnam 

 in the Elburz and at Ardal, S. W. of Ispahan, and in the Feridan district 

 N. W. of Ispahan are also penicillata. The presence of this bird in Western 

 Persia has already been recorded by Zarudny and by Wither by (1910), but 

 Hartert only records it from the Caucasus and Asia Minor. 



AntJius pratensis (L.) — Meadow Pipit. 



1 9 J Qazvin — 1st January. 



2 (5 , Resht — January-February. 

 1^ Menjil- 1st April. 



The Meadow Pipit is fairly common in rice fields and pastures round Resht 

 in January and February. The last I saw was on 1st April at MenjU. I also 

 saw the bird once at Qazvin in January. 



Anthus cervinus (Pall). — Red-throated Pipit. 

 1$, Enzeli— 27th April. 

 I saw Red-throated Pipits in full breeding plumage on 27-29th April among 

 flocks of various subspecies of Yellow Wagtails. Very few were seen. 



Motacilla flava feldegg, Michahelles {melanocephala, Licht). — Black-headed 

 Wagtail. 



1 S , Enzeli— 28th April. 



Id, Enzeli— 28th June (R. E. C.) (breeding). 

 The specimens are definitely M. f. feldegg and not M. f. melanogrisea. 

 I saw two or three Black-headed Wagtails at Enzeli on 17th March. I never 

 saw them again till 28th April when one male appeared among the thousands 

 of M. f. campestris, beema, and thunbergi which had then been frequenting the 



