208 [September, 



the form shown in the fig. 1 profile, 2 ventral, and 3 anal dorsal and ventral view ; 



this form is found only beneath the bud-scales of the spruce fir, but when the scales 



are in exposed situations on the twigs, they are always more or less globular or 



spherical, and exactly like a small Kermes ; but there is every form intermediate 



between the above, yet, as previously stated, the form shown in the illustration is by 



^-v, far the most common. Of 



whatever form, however, 



that portion of the insect 



which is attached to the 



•^ branch, or hidden behind 



/ the bud-scale, whether dorsal 



or ventral, is always very 



uneven, and fits exactly into 



the uneven surface on which 



it rests, or which covers it. 



The form which locates itself 



behind the bud-scales always has the anal portion of the body exposed, as shown in 



the fig. 3 (three $) ; sometimes as many as five or six females are arranged round 



the stem of a single one-year-old branch of the fir. In all cases the exposed portions 



of their bodies are smooth and shiny, except in very old examples, which become 



almost covered in resin from the fir tree ; extending from the anus on the ventral 



surface to a little beyond the middle is a long deep slit, formed by the folding 



inwards of the ventral skin ; a diagrammatic section at this portion of the body is 



shown at fig. 4 ; the extent of this slit is not easy to trace, owing to the brittle 



nature of the scale, but it is always clear and wide at the anal extremity ; at this 



place on either side is a conspicuous blunt "cornicle," and immediately above on 



the dorsal surface are the true anal dorsal lobes, which, from their rounded ends, 



appear as two minute cornicles ; extending from each of the large ventral cornicles 



is a straight deep fovea, which extends along the ventral surface parallel with the 



" slit," forming long rounded carinse ; radiating from the anal dorsal lobes are three 



short and generally well defined strise, one dorsal and one subdorsal, but they are 



rarely seen in parasitized specimens, owing to the swollen nature of the dermis. 



Rostrum uniarticulate ; legs and antennse wanting ; dermis finely reticulated with 



an irregular honeycomb-like tesselation and numerous large clear circular cells. 



Long., 2^ — 4^ mm. 



? second stage : pale reddish-brown, or pink, exactly corresponding to the 

 colour of the bark on which it rests ; this, together with the small size, render the 

 scales very difficult to be seen ; their shape and outline is almost exactly like a 

 young Lecanium of the hesperidum type ; long-oval, widest at thoracic segment ; 

 margin in front nearly straight, with many stiff hairs ; legs and antennae present ; 

 caudal scales small, and duller than the rest of the body. They are always fixed 

 head downwards. 



i unknown to me in any stage, although I have searched most carefully for 

 them since the year 1891. Ratzeburg {I.e.), however, figures and describes it; and, 

 with the exception of the antennse, it does not appreciably differ from the $ of an 

 ordinary Lecanium. The number of joints to the antennae are given as nine, but 

 this, as Signoi-et states (p. 276), must be an error. 



