16 BULLETIN BROOKLYN ENTOM. SOC. VOL. VII. June 1884. ] 
and /fa through 4 only. This is certainly a very remarkable variation 
if it be the ordinary history of each of these species. 
But there is sometimes variability in this respect in the history of 
some species; I learn from the very valuable report of Prof. Lintner, of 
Albany, N.Y., for 1883, that in some species of Lepidoptera the female 
goes through one more moult than the male in the larval state. It may 
be that this is the case with the Cazocale. 
Many collectors in this vicinity, myself among the number, have be- 
lieved that the larvae of some Cufocale hibernated, as very early in the 
spring large larvae were found. Prof. French has cleared up this mystery 
by showing that the larva emerges very early, and feeding upon the buds 
before the leaves have opened, becomes often nearly full grown before 
the leaves are much expanded. The development of the insect during 
the larval period is always rapid, rarely if ever reaching beyond a month. 
The larva ordinarily pupates under the bark or at the base of trees, 
or under any convenient cover. It makes a slight cocoon of leaves or 
frassand silk. The larva of zud:is often goes just beneath the surface of 
the ground to pupate. The pupa is not more than ordinarily elongated, 
is cylindrical, without protuberances, and is covered with a bluish bloom. 
The pupal stage is comparatively lengthened, reaching in all cases as long 
as the larval period, and the pupa of mzdézls hibernates. 
The zmago is almost strictly nocturnal in this country, though in— 
stances have been noticed of voluntary flight and feeding by day. The 
imagines generally hide during the day under cover of bark, shrubbery 
and grass, or sit exposed upon the bark of the trunk of trees, whose ap- 
pearance they mimic with wonderful exactness. They are easily disturbed, 
but when disturbed, rarely fly to a great distance, often not further than 
~ the opposite side of the tree. They feed upon the honey of flowers, and 
the juices of fruit, and are readily taken at sugar. 
STRUCTURE OF THE IMAGO. 
The ead is rather large and prominent. ‘The mouth parts are of 
the normal noctuid character, with the /ongue strong, well developed, 
and capable of reaching to the extremity of or beyond the thorax, The 
JSront is rather broad and full. The clypeus is somewhat variable, rang- 
ing from a nearly flat to a decidedly conical surface, but without any 
indentations. The eyes are prominent, round and naked. The palpi are 
heavy, well developed, quite erect, reaching well up the front. ‘The first 
