26 BULLETIN BROOKLYN ENTOM. SOC, VOL. VII. June 1884. } 
for widely differing opinions concerning specific values. Some rules 
looking to determination can safely be kept in mind; first, that a species 
under differing conditions of food, temperature, and humidity, will show 
variations, and under these conditions, will breed true to the form thus 
necessitated; second, the existence of intergrade’, properly proves specific 
identity; third, what is known to be true of one species, is a valid basis 
for determination concerning a kindred species. Under the first rule, 
we may legitimately expect the species west of the great plains to vary 
more than those east. It has been one of the marvels of Lepidopterology 
to me that just as soon as the Missouri River is reached, insects cease to 
vary, and every new form in that wonderful country must, by necessity, 
be judged a new species; while ordinarily with the humidity of Oregon, 
and the desert dryness of Arizona; the intense heat of the latter region, 
and the bitter cold of Montana; the high mountains of Colorado, Utah, 
and California, and the extreme depression of Southern California, it 
would seem constancy in the size and appearance of species would be 
impossible. The second rule is universal to all nature in its application, 
and it is the duty of those who claim intergrades are hybrids, to prove 
their claims. With regard to the third rule, we will explain; e.g. Prof. 
French has raised both forms of amatrix from the eggs’ of the same fe- 
male; then the presence, or absence ofa basal, discal, or apical dash, or 
shading, is never to be taken as having specific value, till it is proved to 
have that value by breeding. Again, itis known, beyond doubt, that 
Verridliana varies in the color of the hind wings, from bright red to clear 
yellow. Then a simple difference from red to yellow in the coloration of 
the hind wings does not in any case, till proved to do so, warrant specific. 
separation, The same may be said of the color of the fringes, the ground 
color of the primaries, the shading within the t.p. line or along the inner 
margin. Whatever is known to be true of one species, must when a corre- 
spondence takes place, be considered true of any kindred species. 
The first ca¢alogue of the American Cafocale which can be so called 
is that given by Hubner, Verz. pp. 276-78. Although making many 
divisions, to which he gives names, he begins with the black under wings 
and ends with the smail yellow ones. 
The first syzopsis of the species of Catocale of N. A., was made, so 
far as I can learn by Guenee, in his Noctuelites, Vol. VII, pp. 79-107. 
He there collected the descriptions of the past, described new forms. and 
arranged them in a synopsis, with the Cafoca/e of Europe. In his ar- 
