‘90 BULLETIN. BROOKLYN ENTOM: SOC. VOL: VII. October 1884.) 
‘Prof, Fernald says, in the Zz ortricidae, generic and even higher value 
had been accorded these characters, ‘A prominent one in this family 
was the costal fold which sometimes extends two-thirds across the wing. 
‘Dr.’ Horn says both sexes must-be considered in characterizing a _ 
“species; a species consists of two separate individuals which must be 
-studied as one: synoptic work has a higher aim than the mere recogni- 
tion of species: . :\' 
. Dr. Macloskie called attention to some sexual differences in: birds; 
the flickers of the East and West were widely different: in intermediate 
‘points intermediate forms were found and the Qs were almost indist- 
‘inguishable. Yet they were distinct, and though no anatomical differ- 
“enices could be found there must be a physiological difference. 
.-Mr; Osborn réad a paper on AZallophaga and Pediculdae*, See 
attention to the correspondence of identical’ or very similar species:on 
thé closely related birds and mammals of Europe and America,. citing a 
large number ‘of instances. ae 
Miss Cora H. Clarke gave an account ee the fae of some Caddis 
» fly larve belonging to -Aydropsyche and Plectrocnemia, exhib iine spect 
omens of their:work. | - 
wi) boMr,. Mann: Luglained naee Prof. earner teteedl | arva living in run- 
ning water; he confined them in a glass ‘tube, one end closed by a porous 
‘ substance, the other fastened to a faucet. In this way a steady flow of 
| water of any. desired strength can be kept up. 
 -o=Dr, Morris exhibited a gall recently collected and asked information 
“con sennene its identity. Asked also what orders of insects are known to 
produce galls... Mr.Osborn said about all orders except Orthoptera and 
Neuroptera.. Mr. Smith said at last one American Apzonzd was known as 
-a true gall producer, while several European species formed root galls. 
-Mr. Mann said in Bibliographical work he had found great difficulty 
in indexing galls; he had aus Here denes them under. descriptive 
“botany. cana Ds re . 
~Mr. Osborn said while many plants, Especially the Rosacea were 
“subject to galls yet they were: produced by insects and are abnormal-so — 
‘far as the plants are concerned; almost every epectes of insect produces 
ary a peculiar g aul of its-OWR. .-. ee Oa 
‘ His # Families. oe parasitic Hemiptera. which: infest man and. some’ of the lower | 
wre yes 
animals. Soe aE SUR MERRORRRIIN shod te UU RAD Me eR Sees he wieh ot 
