142 BULLETIN BROOKLYN ENTOM. SOC. VOL. VII. March & April 1885. ] 
Anterior tarsi of <j’ apparently complete, often ringed; but usually exarticulate and 
never with claws at tip. Chrysalis subulate; girthed at middle..... Lycaenidae, 
Imago with six complete legs in both sexes. 
Head moderate; antennz approximate at base, not hooked or acutely terminated at 
tip. Chrysalis usually angular, girthed at middle.............. Papilionidae. 
Head broad; antennze widely separated at base; usually hooked or acutelly termin- 
ated at tip. Larva often pupating in a cocoon..........+....... Hesperidac. - 
The true relations of the families cannot be accurately expressed in 
cataloguing; but referring the student to Mr. Scudder’s excellent paper 
and the diagram on p. 76 thereof for further information, the four-footed 
butterflies will here be all considered together. 
The Nymphalidae are represented in our fauna by five sub-families, 
viz. Heliconinae, Danainae, Nymphalnae, Satyrinae and Libytheinae. 
Various orders are adopted in cataloguing, some placing the Sazyr-— 
mmae at the head of the list, while others accord to the Danainae that 
rank. Except in the one point,—the place of the family itself,— we 
prefer Mr. Edwards’ arrangement of the sub-families and genera, and 
will consider them in the order above named. 
The synopsis of sub-families need not be here repeated; the student 
is supposed to have that in the 6th Vol. at hand. 
The Heliconinae are essentially tropical butterflies, and the few spe- 
cies found in the Southern States are not all at home there; but have 
come from the West Indies or Mexico. The sub-family is distinguished 
from all the other four-footed butterflies by’ having the secondaries ex- 
cised at inner margin, so that there is no groove for the reception of the 
abdomen. The antennz are long, the wings rather narrow and elong- 
ate, often more or less hyaline, and usually very brightly colored. 
The typical genus Heliconia is represented in our fauna by a single 
species, charitonia, which is black, and ornamented with three more or 
less complete, irregular, yellow bands on primaries, and two on sec- 
ondaries. Bhan? 
The Danuinae are represented by the typical genus Damazs, well 
known to most collectors all over the world; our archippus is common 
everywhere, and can almost claim the title cosmopolitan. The genus is 
distinguished by the five branched subcostal nervure, and the distinctly 
closed cell. The secondaries are not excised; but are modified at the 
internal margin so as to form a groove for the reception of the abdomen. 
In the males there is a peculiar black raised spot on vein two of the sec- 
ondaries. 
The Wymphalinae are represented in our fauna by numerous genera, 
