223 



in the third figure: they amount to X..L -1 Y and Y . . MZ, 

 giving X . . / -1 MZ for conclusion. This affirmative form of conclu. 

 sion may be replaced by either of the negative forms X . L -1 M'Z or 

 X..l,- l mZ. 



The arrangement of all the forms of syllogism, the discussion of 

 points connected with the forms of conclusion, the extension from 

 individual terms in relation to quantified propositions, the treatment 

 of the particular cases in which relations are convertible, or transi- 

 tive, or both — form -the bulk of the paper, so far as it is not contro- 

 versially directed against those who contend for the confinement of 

 the syllogism to what Mr. De Morgan calls the onymatic form. 



An appendix follows the paper, on syllogism of transposed quan- 

 tity, in which the number of instances included in one premise is 

 equal to the whole number of existing instances of the concluding 

 term in the other premise. 



Mr. J H. Rohrs also read a paper " On the Motion of Bows, and 

 thin Elastic Rods." 



May 7, 1860. 



The Rev. Professor Sedgwick made a communication " On the 

 Succession of Organic Forms during long geological periods ; and 

 on certain Theories which profess to account for the origin of new 

 species." 



May 21, 1860. 



The Public Orator read a paper " On the Pronunciation of the 

 Ancient and Modern Greek Languages." 



He gave a rapid sketch of the " Reuchlin and Erasmus" contro- 

 versy in the sixteenth century, especially the part taken in it at 

 Cambridge by Cheke, Smith, Ascham, and Bishop Gardiner ; and 

 then proceeded to show how the proper sounds of the Greek letters 

 may be determined from the following sources : — 



1. Distinct statements of grammarians. 



2. Incidental notices in other ancient authors. 



3. Variations in writing of inscriptions and MSS. 



4. Phonetic spelling of cries of animals. 



5. Puns and riddles. 



6. The value of the respective letters in other languages employ- 

 ing the same alphabet, especially Latin. 



7. The way in which Latin proper names are spelt in Greek, and 

 vice versa. 



8. The traditions of pronunciation preserved in modern Greek. 



He concluded that, on the whole, the method of Erasmus ap- 

 proached more nearly to the ancient pronunciation than that of 

 Reuchlin. 



