194 Scientific Proceedings, Royal Dublin Society. 



of palato-premaxillary ligament ; b, of entopterygoid-prefrontal liga- 

 ment ; c, fenestra, through which passes posterior branch of facial 

 nerve ; d, for anterior branch of facial. 



Fig. 6. Pught Exoccipital from behind {enlarged). — a, dotted line 

 adjacent to the edge, which articulates with atlas ; b, with supra- 

 occipital ; c, with epiotic ; d, with opisthotic ; e, points by two lines to 

 the extremities of the edge, which articulates with basioccipital ; 

 /, with exoccipital of opposite side (the edges e and / are concealed by 

 a and b in the figure) ; 1, foramen for vagus nerve ; 2, for first spinal 

 nerve ; 3, articular process, which joins the lower articular process of 

 the atlas (see fig. 20, 2), and contains a core of cartilage, which is conj 

 tinued into the atlas. 



Fig. 7. Left Hyomandibular from the outer side. — 1, head, which 

 articulates with the cranium ; 2, foramen for anterior branch of facial; 



3, part of anterior process, which joins the triangular intercalary carti- 

 lage ; 4, condyle for the operculum ; 5, middle process. 



Fig. 8. Pre-ethmoid Cartilage from, the left side. — 1, line of attach- 

 ment of ligament from premaxilla ; 2, groove for paiato-premaxillary 

 ligaments ; 3, attachment of ligament from maxilla. 



Fig. 9. Right Premaxilla: a, Inner; b, Outer Vieiv. — 1, point of 

 attachment of premaxillo-palatine ligament ; 2, articular surface for 

 pre-ethmoid cartilage; 3, dotted line, showing attachment of ligament 

 to pre-ethmoid; 4, for opposite premaxilla; 5, for maxilla; 6, attach- 

 ment of ligament to maxilla ; 7, inferior process. 



Fig. 10. Right maxilla: a, .From the inner side. — 1, attachment of 

 ligament to premaxilla ; 2, maxillo-pre-ethmoid ligament ; 3, tubercle 

 for the insertion of a muscle (Cuvier's "analogue of the masseter"); 



4, articulation with ethmoid, b. From the outer side — 5, maxillo- 

 ethmoid ligament ; 6, for premaxilla ; 7, for palate ; 8, for posterior ; 

 and 9, for anterior, maxillo-mandibular ligaments. 



Fig. 11. heft Interoperculum from the imter side. — 1, hollow, w;hich 

 siipports the articulation of epi- with stylo-hyal. 



Fig. 12. Left Opertulum from the inner side. — 1, groove for insertion 

 of adductor operculi ; 2, cavity articulating with hyomandibular. 



Fig. 13. Deep Dissection of the Left Side of the Sead. — 1, nasal 

 branch of trigeminal nerve crossing roof of orbit ; 2, tip of ethmoid ; 

 between 2 and 6 the maxillo- ethmoid ligaments ; 3, olfactory bulb ; 

 4, pre-ethmoid cartilage ; 5, apex of premaxilla ; 6, maxilla — a little to 

 the right of the line is seen the articulation of the palate ; 7, posterior 

 mandibular ligament ; between 5 and 8 palato-premaxillary ligament ; 

 8, attachment of the same to palate bone — just behind this the articu- 



