Brooks — The Osteology and Arthrology of the Haddock. 195 



lation of palate and prefrontal ; 9, anterior maxillo-mandibular liga- 

 ment at its junction with a ligament from the premaxilla ; 10, a small 

 muscle (cut and thrown downwards), which arises by an aponeurosis 

 fi-'om the preoperculum, and is inserted into the posterior maxillo- 

 mandibular ligament (" muscle carre " of Cuvier) ; 11, articular surface 

 for the lachrymal bone ; 12, attachment of posterior maxillo-mandibu- 

 lar ligament to mandible ; 13, condyle of quadrate ; 14, cut end of the 

 superficial part of the temporal muscle ; 15, preoperculum ; 16, inferior 

 maxillary division of trigeminal nerve ; 17, superior maxillary division 

 of the same ; 18, deeper part of the temporal muscle — this passes under 

 the tendinous origin of a muscle which is inserted into a tubercle on 

 the maxilla (see fig. 10, « 3), and is considered by Cuvier to be the 

 analogue of the masseter ;^ it lies between the lines 16 and 17 in the 

 figure ; 19, condyle of hyomandibular for the operculum ; 20, articular 

 head of hyomandibular; 21, adductor muscle of hyomandibular; 22, 

 ridge of pterotic. 



Fig. 14. Right Nasal Bone from above. — a, posterior extremity ; 

 b, outer edge. 



Fig. 15. Left Half of Hyoicl Arch from the outer side. — 1, stylohyal ; 

 2, epihyal ; 3, ceratohyal ; 4, superior hypohyal ; 5, inferior hypohyal ; 

 a, foramen, which transmits the artery to the pseudobranchia. 



Fig. 16. Bones of the Gill Arches of the Left Side, with the Basi- 

 branchiostegal and the Ossification in the Copulm. — a, b, and c, the three 

 pieces of the epipharyngeal bone, from above ; 1, for articulation with 

 epibranchial of first branchial arch ; 2, for that of second arch ; 3, for 

 those of third and fourth arches ; d, basibranchiostegal, from the right 

 side — the letter is placed near the posterior border; e, ossification in 

 the copula, from above ; /, /', /, hypobranchials, from above ; 

 g> g'r g", g"\ ceratobranchials, from behind ; h, hypopharyngeal bone, 

 from behind ; k, k', k", k'", epibranchials, from behind ; 4, 4', processes 

 of epibranchials of third and fourth arches, which articulate with one 

 another. 



Fig. 17. Ninth Abdominal Vertebra, from^ before. — 1, neural spine ; 



2, neural canal — the line points to the constriction which separates the 

 canal for the ligamentum subflavum from the true neural canal below ; 



3, centrum ; 4, groove for aorta — e and r point to the articular surfaces 

 on the posterior surface of the parapophysis for the epipleural spines 

 and ribs respectively. 



' ■ ■ ' ^— 



* Op cit., vol. IV. i. p. 171. 



SCIEN. PROC. R.D.S. — VOL. IV. PT. IV. T 



