108 
were dropped when the present hill was submerged a consider- 
able depth below the sea. 
Mr Bonney agreed with Mr Paley in considering that the 
west coast of England and Wales had been submerged beneath 
the sea at no very distant geological epoch, and gave instances 
of the occurrence of valleys of marine erosion and sea cliffs in 
Wales and Cheshire, noticing similar terraces on the great Ormes- 
head. He, however, doubted whether the scoring and furrow- 
ing of the rock could without hesitation be referred to the action 
of the waves. He had seen many instances of a similar struc- 
ture in places where glaciers had modified the surface after its 
upheaval from the sea. This in his opinion had been the case 
in parts of the Ormeshead, and had certainly been so in many 
of the Alpine limestone districts, as for example in the Italian 
Tyrol, on the range of the Parmelan near Annecy, and near the 
Gemmi Pass in the western Oberland, He believed that the 
structure was due to the nature of the rock and the way in 
which it yielded to the agents of subaerial denudation. Although 
no doubt boulders had often been transported by ice-floes, yet he 
thought that in the neighbourhood of the Lake District glaciers 
had also aided. 
Mr Paley said that he had very carefully examined the 
markings on the Fell rocks, and thought that they corresponded 
so exactly with those on the shore rocks in Morecambe Bay, 
that the causes which produced them must be identical. As 
the boulders were usually large and isolated, he thought that 
they were more probably transported by floes when the country 
was under water. 
Professor Liveing concurred with Mr Bonney in thinking 
these surface-markings to be due rather to the ‘habit’ of the 
limestone rock, and instanced what, from Mr Paley’s description, 
he thought were similar markings on the inland limestone dis- 
tricts in the Yorkshire Fells. 
