284 
and more like those of Greenland than of the Alps; filling, 
as they did, extensive basins, and having little motion ean: 
ing at certain points of escape. 
That these icefields during their decrease dropped their 
moraines over large slopes and the hill-sides in such a way 
as to make it difficult to distinguish the moraine deposit from 
tia WY 
Thirdly, shewing in certain cases the manner in which 
moraines were deposited as the glaciers broke up into smaller 
ones in the higher recesses of the mountains. 
Fourthly, drawing attention to the marks left as evidence 
of great floods in the valleys during the periods of the wasting 
of the ice. 
Lastly, giving an account of large deposits of fresh-water 
diatoms in the lakes; these deposits having been made since 
the glaciers disappeared, but during a cold epoch ; and proving 
that no sea had reached these lakes since that epoch, but 
giving a means of estimating the time that has elapsed since 
the glaciers thawed. The whole paper was intended to draw 
attention to these facts in order that persons might be induced 
to pursue these investigations to a much greater extent than 
has hitherto been done. 
Professor C. C. BABINGTON spoke very highly of the value 
of Mr Kingsley’s paper, which, he said, had explained to him 
several things which he had always found much difficulty in 
understanding. 
Mr Bonney said that Mr Kingsley’s paper was a most 
interesting one, dealing with a particular case of a general 
problem, the condition of the northern hemisphere in the 
glacial period. The author appeared to him to have proved 
that in the earlier part of that period Wales, like Scotland and 
Scandinavia, had been covered by an ice-sheet—differing thus 
from Switzerland, where separate glaciers seemed rather to 
have existed. He was disposed to refer the drift-like scattered 
