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Mr Daintree, of Fenton, Huntingdonshire, bought a cow 
with three well-developed toes on each hind limb besides the 
two ordinary rudiments which hang behind the foot. This cow 
was without a pedigree or history. She had a cow calf 
with the same peculiarity as its dam, which was as well de- 
veloped as in her case, notwithstanding that the other parent 
was a normal bull. This cow has had two calves by normal 
bulls. The first was a cow calf with three toes on each hind 
limb, but somewhat less developed and less functionally in- 
sistent on the ground than in the case of its mother and 
grandmother ; the second was a bull calf, which had three toes 
on all four feet. All the toes assumed to be the extra ones 
have a similar attachment, viz. on the inside of the foot be- 
tween the internal functional toe and the rudimentary toe on 
the same side. 
Mr Goodman gave a short account of Mr Charles Darwin’s 
theory of Pangenesis, whose main feature is that each indi- 
vidual is made up of organic units, all of which are constantly 
giving off minute gemmules which float freely through the 
organism and are transmitted in the generation products to 
the next offspring, and which are so much in excess of what 
are required for the building up of the body of the immediate 
progeny, as to be handed down, many of them, through a great 
many generations in a latent undeveloped condition. He then 
applied this theory to explain the facts. 
The extra toe might be due, in accordance with this theory, 
to one or more of the following causes :— 
I. Atavism or reversion to an ancestral type. 
II. The modification of the proliferous function of certain 
of the organic units produced by external causes. 
III. Correlation of growth, supplementing the last-named 
cause. 
He argued that the abnormality was not due to atavism— 
