On Musical Shorthand. 379 



the first flat key, may be represented by ^ , where the loop 



indicates that the dissonating tone is flattened. When a chord is 

 inverted so that a dissonating tone is in the base, this may be 

 indicated (in those cases in which the analysis is to be written 

 under music) by doubling the little cross line that symbolizes the 

 dissonating tone. 



If the student should meet with a chord which is not provided 

 for by any of these symbols, he should mark it in his analysis 

 with an X, and make it a subject of separate study. The most 

 important chords of this kind are those which contain the notes 

 re (r sharp) and f. Mozart in particular has made extensive use 

 of these chords (which are known under the very inappropriate 

 names of the Italian, French, and German sixths), and the student 

 will probably find it convenient to provide some special symbol 

 for them. 



This seems the proper place to point out how what may be 

 called the circular chord is dealt with, viz., that tetrachord in the 

 minor mode which consists of a series of minor thirds forming a 

 complete circuit. It consists of the notes se t r f, and may be 

 appropriately represented by a circle surrounding the symbol of 

 the chord t r f Examples of it in different keys will be found 

 in Figure 5. There are three such chords on an instrument 

 tuned like a piano according to the system of equal temperament, 

 one of which is found in the relative and tonic minors of the 

 central key, viz., se t r f, or t r f la (which are the same notes). 



It is indicated by (^ , Another consists of the notes 



re fe 1 d, or fe 1 d ma, and is found in the relative and tonic minors 



of the first sharp key. It may be represented by (^ . And 



the third, which consists of the notes de m s ta, or m s ta ra, 

 is found in the relative and tonic minors of the first flat key. 



Its symbol is 



The reader will, no doubt, have observed that the symbols for 



