6 Journal New York Entomological Society. [Vol. vl 



pigment fills in somewhat better. Tail conic, setae of joint 13 widely 

 separated on it. First stage as in P. geminata. 



Affinities, Habits, etc. 

 Closely allied to Packardia geminata, differing only slightly. The 

 granulation is more dense, appearing earlier in ontogeny, but the pig- 

 mentation is much degenerated. The moths do not emerge as early in 

 the season as P. geminata, yet fairly early, June 25th to July 2d, in 

 my examples. The females are less quiescent than the allied species 

 and fly violently if not mated the first night after emergence. After 

 this night they will not mate at all, even though males be present, but 

 continue to lay infertile eggs, or else refuse to lay and die in a few 

 days. The eggs are deposited singly on the under sides of the leaves 

 where the larvae live.* The larvae frequent dark woods. The deep 

 shade seems to be the essential factor as they will occur in any woods 

 whether wet or dry if dark enough. I have found them on the thin 

 pale leaves in the dry woods on Goat Island at Niagara Falls and also 

 in an almost swampy grove in Van Cortlandt Park, New York City. 

 I have found them on Long Island, not commonly, as dark woods are 

 rare on the Island. The larvae are low feeders, but not so low as P. 

 geminata. As in the case of its ally, the larvae can be found in fair 

 numbers by looking in the right places. Except by breeding the moth 

 is seldom taken. 



Criticism of Previous Descriptions. 

 Mr. Goodell mentions the larva without detailed description. Sub- 

 sequently it has been described adequately by Dr. Packard and myself. 

 Dr. Packard describes a series of dorsal dark green spots which he says 

 "does not form a tubercle or flattened wart." This is, indeed, very 

 true, because the spot is the center of the dorsal depressed space. I 

 suppose the only reason for making this statement to be the same false 

 idea of the homology of these structures to which I have referred under 

 Tortricidia fasciola. 



* Professor Poulton remarks (Trans. Ent. Soc. London, 1888, p. 591), " it is well 

 known that these larvae (Eucleidae) rest on the upper surface of the leaves of their 

 food plants." I cannot imagine on what this statement is based. Of the nineteen 

 species of North American larvse now well known to me, only one ( Phobetron pithe- 

 cium ) ever rests on the upper side of the leaf, and this in the last stage only when 

 its peculiar shape and color make it resemble a piece of dead leaf that had fallen from 

 above. I cannot well believe that the two European species have different habits 

 from our smooth Palse arctic Eucleids. 



