ABSTEACT OF VOLUME. 21 



the late Wisconsin moraines present a hummock3' surface, deeplj' indented b}' basins, 

 and in places carrj^ lakes. The interval, if measured b3' contrasts in weathering, 

 seems much shorter than the Peorian and Sangamon interglacial stages. 



Chapter XII. The main morainic system of the late Wisconsin stage. — 

 This morainic system was brought to notice by Chamberlin in the Third Annual 

 Report of this Survey as the "Terminal moraine of the second Glacial epoch." 

 It is by far the strongest morainic system of the entire series. The morainic loops 

 in the several lobes — Miami, Scioto, and Grand River — are taken up in the order 

 named. The question of the equivalent system to the east of the reentrant angle 

 of southwestern New York is left open. Till plains, eskers, and other features to 

 the north of this morainic system are discussed, and also the outwash to the south 

 so far as it is connected with the morainic system. 



Chapter XIII. Minor moraines of the late Wisconsin stage. — The several 

 moraines lying between the main morainic system and the shores of Lake Erie and 

 Lake Ontario are taken up in natural groups, and with them the eskers and other 

 features of the drift. Those of the Maumee-Miami Basin form one group, and 

 those of the Scioto Basin another, while later moraines lying within the Maumee 

 Basin are next considered, and then those which closely border Lake Erie. The 

 chapter closes with the moraines and associated drumlins and eskers south of Lake 

 Ontario. Attention is incidentall}^ called to glacial lakes in connection with the 

 discussion of the border drainage. 



Chapter XIV. The glacial Lake MAumee. — This was the highest of the 

 great glacial lakes which formed in front of the retreating ice sheet as it withdrew 

 into the Huron and Erie basins. The chapter describes two beaches, and also other 

 features of this glacial lake, together with the successive outlets past Fort Wayne. 

 Indiana, and Imlaj', Michigan. 



Chapter XV. The glacial Lake Whittlesey. — This lake was a close successor 

 to Lake Maumee, and stood onl}' about 30 feet lower. The Belmore beach, which 

 marks its shore, is described throughout its course from southeastern Michigan 

 southward and eastward to its apparent terminus at Marilla, in western New York. 

 The Ubly outlet, through which the lake discharged westward to the Saginaw Basin, 

 and the Grand River outlet, which led from the Saginaw Basin to Lake Chicago, are 

 brieiiy considered. As in the preceding chapter, the relation of the ice sheet to the 

 extent of the lake forms an important subject. A marked warping of the eastern 

 portion of the beach is also discussed and is shown to contrast strongh' with the nearly 

 perfect horizontalitj' in Ohio and southeastern Michigan. 



Chapter XVI. The glacial Lake Warren. — Lake Warren as here defined 

 was a successor of Lake Whittlesey in the Huron and Erie basins. Its borders are 

 marked bj^ a complex system of beaches standing 40 to 75 feet below the level of the 

 Belmore beach, two of which are known as the Arkona and Forest beaches. Lake 

 Warren also extended into the Saginaw Basin and discharged across Michigan through 



