OUTLINE OF ROCK FORMATIONS. 61 



These shales also immediately underlie the glacial deposits in the north- 

 western part of Ohio and neighboring portions of Michigan and Indiana. 

 They are, however, covered to a depth of 100 to 500 feet, as the drift in 

 that region is exceptionally^ thick. The rock surface is consequently ybyj 

 low, a considerable part of it being below the level of Lake Erie. The 

 thickness of the shales is not so great as in the eastern district, being but. 

 100 to 150 feet in inuch of northern Indiana. 



Another line of outcrop of these shales in Indiana is found in a narrow 

 strip leading from the Ohio River at New Albany, in a course west of north, 

 across the State, crossing the White River below Indianapolis and the 

 Wabash River above Lafayette. Near Monticello it swings westward and 

 enters Illinois west of Kentland, Ind. Along this line also its surface has 

 a low altitude, but it is covered throughout much of its length by heavy 

 deposits of drift. The southern end is nearly free from drift and presents 

 tlie appearance of a broad valley. The thickness of this belt of shale, like 

 that of the one farther north, is only 100 to 150 feet, or even less. 



waveriy or Bedford shale. — Tliis is the lowcst fomiatiou iu tlic complex series 

 to which the geologists of the first Ohio survey gave the name Waveriy, a 

 series which, in Ohio, embraces the entire interval between the Ohio shales 

 and the Conglomerate Coal Measures. This series of rocks has given rise 

 to much discussion, but seems now to be more closely allied to the Eocar- 

 boniferous than to the Devonian formations.' The series between the Ohio 

 shale and Conglomerate Coal Measures, as developed in Ohio, contains the 

 following formations, given in order from older to newer: (1) Waveriy or 

 Bedford shale; (2) Berea grit and shale; (3) Cuyahoga shale; (4) Logan 

 conglomerate; (5) Maxville limestone. In Indiana it is commonly known 

 as the "Subcarboniferous," while in western Pennsylvania it was classed by 

 I. C. White as the Subconglomerate series. It probably comprises much of 

 the Catskill and Pocono formations of eastern Pennsylvania. White thinks 

 it probable that the red Bedford shale and the Berea grit are of Catskill age. 



The Waveriy shale includes not only the formation in southern Ohio, 

 thus described by the Ohio survey, but also the Bedford shale of northern 

 Ohio as defined by Newberry, with its included Euclid and Independence 

 building stone. 



'For a summary of the questions in dispute see Herrick: Geology nt' Ohio, Vol. VII, 1894, pp. 

 495-51.5. 



