452 GLACIAL FORMATIONS OF ERIE AND OHIO BASINS. 



usually smaller, though some near Hartsville are equally large. North 

 from Shalersville Township there is but little aggregation into knolls along 

 the east side of the Cuyahoga. The ice from the Grand River lobe striated 

 the hills of Hiram Township, and probably extended as far west as the 

 river; but the moraine on the west side of the river was apparently formed 

 by ice which approached from the northwest, and is accordingly discussed 

 later in connection with the district covered by that portion of the ice 

 sheet (pp. 545-546, 550-551). 



STRUCTURE AND THICKNESS OF DRIFT. 



In Pennsylvania the moraine throughout the greater part of its course 

 consists mainly of a loose sandy till, there being a smaller amount of clay 

 than is commonly found in the till of less rugged districts. However, there 

 are places on the uplands, both in the midst of the moraine and in the inner 

 border district, where a stiff clay occurs. 



In Ohio the moraine contains much till, which is of a looser character 

 than that on the plains that lie between it and Lake Erie. This difference 

 leads to an important agricultural distinction, the loose and warm soil of the 

 moraine being called "wheat land," while the compact and cold soil of the 

 tract between this morainic system and Lake Erie is called clay land or 

 "dairy land." This distinction does not prevail so strikingly now as when 

 the country was first settled, for by an extensive system of underdraining 

 by tile the soil of the dairy land has been opened and rendered warm. 

 The richness of soil does not appear to differ greatly in the two districts, 

 and there is no apparent reason why the dairy land may not in time become 

 good wheat land. 



The interlobate moraine west of the Grand River Basin contains many 

 gravel knolls along its central portion, but the eastern and western borders 

 carry a large preponderance of till. The till along the eastern border of 

 the moraine, from Ravenna southward to Alliance, is very compact, and this 

 area is called a "clay district," being similar to the clay or dairy lands of 

 the inner border plains. 



In Pennsylvania the amount of drift is not sufficient to conceal the 

 main preglacial ridges and valleys, though, as shown in Chapter III, it has 

 altered the drainage systems to some extent. In Ohio only the larger hills 

 and ridges rise above a general level to which the drift filling reaches, and 

 changes of drainage are much greater than in Pennsylvania, portions of 



