ST. JOHNS OR SALAMONIE MORAINE. 517 



such erosion did occur, the first rock there encountered being' Hudson River 

 shale. This locahty is east of north from the place where Lower Silurian 

 fossils were found in the moraine, or in about the direction from which the ice 

 was moving when the moraine was formed. It is, therefore, not improbable 

 that the Lower Silurian fossils were gathered by the ice sheet but a short 

 distance from the place where the}^ were deposited. Whether they were 

 gathered from the ledges at the last invasion or had previously been incor- 

 porated in the drift is not known, though the early incorporation seems 

 more likely to be the case, since the altitude of the Hudson River rocks 

 at this point is much lower than that of the moraine, and the earlier 

 advance would presumably have filled up the channels which exposed this 

 formation. 



Since this moraine is situated near the continental divide in a portion 

 of its course, and is crossed by few streams, the natural exposures are 

 not numerous nor extensive. They are sufiicient, however, to reveal the 

 structure of the surface portion of the moraine. A few artificial exjjosures 

 worthy of note have been made. One of these, in a large knoll at St. 

 Johns, Ohio, is shown in diagram in an Ohio geological report.^ The outer 

 portion of the pit is represented to contain gravel in horizontal beds, while 

 the portion nearer the center of the hill contains beds of sand and gravel 

 which are inclined at an angle of about 70°. A diagram of a less exten- 

 sive exposure in the same village appears on page 46 of the same report. 

 In this exposure beds of gravelly hardpan (till"?) occiu', as well as sand 

 and gravel. 



In a gravel pit near the southeast end of the Foxburg esker the bedding 

 is nearly horizontal. The pit is 12 to 15 feet deep and several rods in 

 length. There is a coarse gravel and cobble at the top with finer gravel 

 beneath. A short distance southwest of this pit a gravelly knoll is opened, 

 exhibiting beds which dip from the east side toward its center. The dip 

 of beds in the remaining sides of the knoll is not shown. 



In the prominent range of hills near Balbec, Ind. (noted above), a 

 gravel pit was opened at the time of the writer's visit in 1888, the excavation 

 being at the southern end of the knoll. Its depth was about 30 feet and its 

 length 50 yards or more. The beds dip toward the center of the knoll and 

 arch considerably along a line at right angles with that connecting the pit 



1 Geology of Ohio, Vol. 11, 1874, p. 45. 



